{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994961065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","title":"Scaling effects in the perception of higher-order spatial correlations","display_name":"Scaling effects in the perception of higher-order spatial correlations","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994961065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","mag":"1994961065","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9463692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698997000680/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68719679","display_name":"Vision Research","issn_l":"0042-6989","issn":["0042-6989","1878-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698997000680/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110851427","display_name":"Julian S. Joseph","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139686","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210139686"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julian S. Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. jsj@unr.edu","Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. jsj@unr.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210139686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210139686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076389348","display_name":"Jonathan D. Victor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-0111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-0111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan D. Victor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049679362","display_name":"Lance M. Optican","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-0762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-0762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139686","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210139686"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lance M. Optican","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210139686"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110851427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210139686"],"apc_list":{"value":2940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2940},"apc_paid":{"value":2940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2940},"fwci":0.2265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52773602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"22","first_page":"3097","last_page":"3107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-discrimination","display_name":"texture discrimination","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariance","display_name":"scale invariance","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-frequency-discrimination","display_name":"spatial frequency discrimination","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-spectrum","display_name":"power spectrum","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal-observer","display_name":"ideal observer","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-efficiency","display_name":"visual efficiency","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-onset-asynchrony","display_name":"stimulus onset asynchrony","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-strength","display_name":"correlation strength","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-image-size","display_name":"retinal image size","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.7718013525009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100921725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811","display_name":"Spatial frequency","level":2,"score":0.5517832040786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5260869264602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15123163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500096","display_name":"Psychophysics","level":3,"score":0.49380430579185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135593079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750766","display_name":"Scale invariance","level":2,"score":0.492045134305954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4760812819004059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.419075071811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3818095922470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3446810245513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3202366232872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2504318356513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.23560985922813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23436644673347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21631276607513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15193793177604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13560453057289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011601","descriptor_name":"Psychophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698997000680/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68719679","display_name":"Vision Research","issn_l":"0042-6989","issn":["0042-6989","1878-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9463692","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9463692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00068-0","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698997000680/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68719679","display_name":"Vision Research","issn_l":"0042-6989","issn":["0042-6989","1878-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G218716367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY-7977","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2957125552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F32-EY06531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5793290620","display_name":"ANTI-ORIENTING OF VISUAL ATTENTION IN NORMAL HUMANS","funder_award_id":"1f32ey006531-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000902516","display_name":"Central Processing of Visual Information","funder_award_id":"R01EY007977","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994961065.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994961065.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164346725","https://openalex.org/W264456315","https://openalex.org/W588652812","https://openalex.org/W1491247017","https://openalex.org/W1966025074","https://openalex.org/W1982839909","https://openalex.org/W2004251350","https://openalex.org/W2004850064","https://openalex.org/W2006243321","https://openalex.org/W2010581936","https://openalex.org/W2012212993","https://openalex.org/W2014995480","https://openalex.org/W2019784717","https://openalex.org/W2029010783","https://openalex.org/W2062977671","https://openalex.org/W2090426181","https://openalex.org/W2093866000","https://openalex.org/W2102191548","https://openalex.org/W2120668041","https://openalex.org/W2125027853","https://openalex.org/W2130685948","https://openalex.org/W2168243365","https://openalex.org/W4321262933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332810738","https://openalex.org/W2339901320","https://openalex.org/W2023345928","https://openalex.org/W4242848623","https://openalex.org/W3120699562","https://openalex.org/W2133785750","https://openalex.org/W2049075273","https://openalex.org/W2020344648","https://openalex.org/W2043855302","https://openalex.org/W2049216950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"texture":[1,47,98,138],"discrimination":[2,15,48,77],"depends":[3],"both":[4,180],"on":[5,9,131],"spatial-frequency":[6],"content":[7],"and":[8,95,121,184],"higher-order":[10,36,62],"or":[11],"multi-point":[12],"correlations.":[13,63],"Spatial-frequency":[14],"exhibits":[16],"a":[17,24,86,216,220,228],"high":[18],"degree":[19],"of":[20,26,33,46,83,134,145,176,223,234],"scale":[21,44,84,113],"invariance":[22],"over":[23,85,104],"range":[25,107],"several":[27],"octaves,":[28],"but":[29,58,208],"the":[30,43,54,66,91,97,102,105,122,132,137,143,148,155,162,195,232,235],"scaling":[31,65,96],"behavior":[32],"sensitivity":[34],"to":[35,127,170],"correlation":[37,185,206],"structure":[38],"is":[39,80,119,125,139,166,225,237],"unknown.":[40],"We":[41,173],"explored":[42],"dependence":[45],"for":[49,187,202],"image":[50],"ensembles":[51,67],"which":[52,178,188,219],"shared":[53],"same":[55,106],"power":[56],"spectrum,":[57],"differed":[59],"in":[60,76,181,218,227],"their":[61],"Literally":[64],"so":[68],"that":[69,79,110],"they":[70],"occupy":[71],"larger":[72],"retinal":[73],"regions":[74],"results":[75,212],"performance":[78,109,118,152,191],"largely":[81],"independent":[82],"3":[87],"octave":[88],"range.":[89],"Holding":[90],"display":[92,103,150,236],"size":[93],"constant":[94],"being":[99],"sampled":[100],"within":[101,147],"produces":[108],"varies":[111],"with":[112,204,215],"appreciably.":[114],"The":[115],"ideal":[116,189],"observer":[117,190],"computed,":[120],"absolute":[123],"efficiency":[124,156,198],"seen":[126],"be":[128],"quite":[129],"small,":[130],"order":[133],"10(-2)-10(-1).":[135],"As":[136],"scaled":[140],"down,":[141],"increasing":[142],"number":[144,183,222],"checks":[146,224],"fixed":[149,221],"size,":[151],"increases":[153],"while":[154,231],"decreases.":[157],"These":[158,211],"dependencies":[159],"remain":[160],"when":[161],"stimulus":[163],"onset":[164],"asynchrony":[165],"increased":[167],"from":[168],"50":[169],"500":[171],"msec.":[172],"created":[174],"sets":[175],"textures":[177,203],"varied":[179],"check":[182],"strength,":[186,207],"was":[192,199],"equated.":[193],"For":[194],"human":[196],"observers,":[197],"significantly":[200],"higher":[201,205],"fewer":[209],"checks.":[210],"are":[213],"consistent":[214],"model":[217],"processed":[226,238],"scale-invariant":[229],"manner,":[230],"remainder":[233],"much":[239],"less":[240],"efficiently.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}