{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994945260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/130994.131002","title":"Task-structure analysis for knowledge modeling","display_name":"Task-structure analysis for knowledge modeling","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994945260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/130994.131002","mag":"1994945260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/130994.131002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/130994.131002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/130994.131002","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/130994.131002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/130994.131002","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002065279","display_name":"B. Chandrasekaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-1223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-1223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Chandrasekaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH","Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for AI Research, Department of Computer and Information Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018141140","display_name":"Todd R. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-463X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-463X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd R. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["","Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Medical Systems"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Medical Systems","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018227028","display_name":"Jack W. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-0732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-0732"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Medical Systems, 376 W. 10th Room 571, Columbus, Oh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Medical Systems, 376 W. 10th Room 571, Columbus, Oh","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6956,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":239,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98565467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"9","first_page":"124","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13734","display_name":"Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-modeling","display_name":"knowledge modeling","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-systems","display_name":"expert systems","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-structure","display_name":"task structure","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge-representation","display_name":"domain knowledge representation","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnosis","display_name":"diagnosis","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design","display_name":"design","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7925512790679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.620259165763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6131734251976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.4559384882450104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44932207465171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.36255455017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.344751238822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3414663076400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20192214846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/130994.131002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/130994.131002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/130994.131002","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/130994.131002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2611616637","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/aifipp/aifipp1992.html#ChandrasekaranJS92","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/130994.131002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/130994.131002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/130994.131002","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/130994.131002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994945260.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994945260.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108981635","https://openalex.org/W167263091","https://openalex.org/W1540899940","https://openalex.org/W1564273860","https://openalex.org/W1588991281","https://openalex.org/W1591208442","https://openalex.org/W1802681612","https://openalex.org/W1876793518","https://openalex.org/W1970869241","https://openalex.org/W2005004006","https://openalex.org/W2035346816","https://openalex.org/W2037481186","https://openalex.org/W2038386889","https://openalex.org/W2040672389","https://openalex.org/W2051071961","https://openalex.org/W2067210451","https://openalex.org/W2079315906","https://openalex.org/W2079620829","https://openalex.org/W2086200448","https://openalex.org/W2086349649","https://openalex.org/W2108309071","https://openalex.org/W2110293626","https://openalex.org/W2113918763","https://openalex.org/W2121991709","https://openalex.org/W2136316063","https://openalex.org/W2142910214","https://openalex.org/W2148571423","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2170932515","https://openalex.org/W2180809782","https://openalex.org/W2251790026","https://openalex.org/W2913245764","https://openalex.org/W2915007872","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533530776","https://openalex.org/W2069436007","https://openalex.org/W31603955","https://openalex.org/W2164342182","https://openalex.org/W173561724","https://openalex.org/W2061988466","https://openalex.org/W127730673","https://openalex.org/W2547795520","https://openalex.org/W2100090997","https://openalex.org/W7096604897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Task-Structure":[0],"Analysis":[1],"for":[2,180],"KnowledgeMOdeling":[3],"n":[4],"recent":[5],"years":[6],"there":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9,49,146],"increasing":[10],"interest":[11],"in":[12,18,40,54,83],"describing":[13],"complicated":[14],"information":[15],"processing":[16],"systems":[17,143],"terms":[19,84],"of":[20,30,36,58,85,88,108,124,127,170],"the":[21,28,38,62,86,106,122,167,187,197],"knowledge":[22,39,46,65,111],"they":[23],"have,":[24],"rather":[25],"than":[26],"by":[27,51,120],"details":[29],"their":[31,101,136,156],"implementation.This":[32],"requires":[33],"a":[34,41,72,89,94,125,162],"means":[35],"modeling":[37,47,81,109],"system.Several":[42],"different":[43,128,149],"approaches":[44,60,131,153],"to":[45,71,96,100,141,193],"have":[48,145],"developed":[50],"researchers":[52],"working":[53],"Artificial":[55],"Intelligence":[56],"(AI).Most":[57],"these":[59,152],"share":[61,132],"view":[63],"that":[64,144],"must":[66],"be":[67,191],"modeled":[68,147],"with":[69,177],"respect":[70],"goal":[73],"or":[74],"task.In":[75],"this":[76],"article,":[77],"we":[78,184],"outline":[79],"our":[80,171],"approach":[82,173],"notion":[87,107],"task-structure,":[90],"which":[91],"recursively":[92],"links":[93],"task":[95,168,178,188],"alternative":[97],"methods":[98,115],"and":[99,114,154,158,174,182,195],"subtasks.Our":[102],"emphasis":[103],"is":[104],"on":[105,166],"domain":[110],"using":[112,148],"tasks":[113],"as":[116],"mediating":[117],"concepts.We":[118],"begin":[119],"tracing":[121],"development":[123],"number":[126],"knowledge-modeling":[129,172],"approaches.These":[130],"many":[133],"features,":[134],"but":[135],"differences":[137],"make":[138],"it":[139,176],"difficult":[140],"compare":[142,194],"approaches.We":[150],"present":[151],"describe":[155],"similarities":[157],"differences.We":[159],"then":[160],"give":[161],"detailed":[163],"description,":[164],"based":[165],"structure,":[169],"illustrate":[175],"structures":[179],"diagnosis":[181],"design.Finally,":[183],"show":[185],"how":[186],"structure":[189],"can":[190],"used":[192],"unify":[196],"other":[198],"approaches.\u00ae":[199],"\u00ae":[200,201,202,203,204,205,206,208,209,210,212,213],"\u2022":[207,211],"Knowledge-Based":[214],"Systems:":[215],"What":[216],"are":[217],"they?":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
