{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994907796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106939710103500203","title":"Modernization as Changes in Cultural Complexity: New Cross-Cultural Measurements","display_name":"Modernization as Changes in Cultural Complexity: New Cross-Cultural Measurements","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994907796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106939710103500203","mag":"1994907796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106939710103500203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106939710103500203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106939710103500203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40362259","display_name":"Cross-Cultural Research","issn_l":"0094-3673","issn":["0094-3673","1069-3971","1552-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cross-Cultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069416842","display_name":"William Tulio Divale","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Divale","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028110067","display_name":"Albert Seda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Seda","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.096,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81167785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":"127","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13401","display_name":"Social and Cultural Studies","score":0.03929999843239784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modernization","display_name":"modernization","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-complexity","display_name":"cultural complexity","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-measurement","display_name":"cross-cultural measurement","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-cross-cultural-sample","display_name":"Standard Cross-Cultural Sample","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stages-of-modernization","display_name":"stages of modernization","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-change","display_name":"cultural change","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-of-government","display_name":"government change","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade","display_name":"trade","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation","display_name":"transportation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-structure","display_name":"family structure","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-customs","display_name":"traditional customs","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53844881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856122","display_name":"Modernization theory","level":2,"score":0.9689769148826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5522159337997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5039793848991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.463661253452301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.379163533449173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33702003955841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.24274131655693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.149210125207901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106939710103500203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106939710103500203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106939710103500203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40362259","display_name":"Cross-Cultural Research","issn_l":"0094-3673","issn":["0094-3673","1069-3971","1552-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cross-Cultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10991","https://openalex.org/W96167583","https://openalex.org/W181604189","https://openalex.org/W628106906","https://openalex.org/W1488837022","https://openalex.org/W1521053393","https://openalex.org/W1534318187","https://openalex.org/W1574442224","https://openalex.org/W1607999266","https://openalex.org/W1963518782","https://openalex.org/W1967708718","https://openalex.org/W1969810612","https://openalex.org/W2005346178","https://openalex.org/W2019726723","https://openalex.org/W2045145581","https://openalex.org/W2049706058","https://openalex.org/W2061440497","https://openalex.org/W2065448659","https://openalex.org/W2066510203","https://openalex.org/W2069244397","https://openalex.org/W2073052957","https://openalex.org/W2075889299","https://openalex.org/W2100591445","https://openalex.org/W2120534761","https://openalex.org/W2136323815","https://openalex.org/W2136943829","https://openalex.org/W2139980444","https://openalex.org/W2142355150","https://openalex.org/W2143862176","https://openalex.org/W2169863588","https://openalex.org/W2327729982","https://openalex.org/W2415607078","https://openalex.org/W2417944835","https://openalex.org/W2895552032","https://openalex.org/W3148865697","https://openalex.org/W4235780566","https://openalex.org/W4238795977","https://openalex.org/W4246250418","https://openalex.org/W4252933931","https://openalex.org/W4318443908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547063909","https://openalex.org/W2045145581","https://openalex.org/W158623447","https://openalex.org/W3111355947","https://openalex.org/W623263272","https://openalex.org/W2490047123","https://openalex.org/W7155609361","https://openalex.org/W2485434625","https://openalex.org/W2325931429","https://openalex.org/W4234638572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"cross-cultural":[1],"modernization":[2,22,61,78,105],"scale":[3],"is":[4,23],"constructed":[5],"using":[6,54],"a":[7,24,38,50,64],"worldwide":[8],"sample":[9],"of":[10,21,52,66,103],"136":[11],"societies":[12,71],"in":[13,43,45,92,101,117,127],"the":[14,60,88,104,110,123],"Standard":[15],"Cross-Cultural":[16],"Sample.":[17],"The":[18,113],"operational":[19],"definition":[20],"change":[25],"from":[26,37],"traditional":[27],"customs":[28],"to":[29,109],"ones":[30],"that":[31,41,70,87],"are":[32,79,107,134],"forced":[33],"or":[34,47],"voluntarily":[35],"borrowed":[36],"dominant":[39],"society":[40],"results":[42],"changes":[44],"behavior":[46],"customs.":[48],"As":[49],"result":[51],"analysis":[53],"principal":[55],"component":[56],"analysis,":[57],"we":[58],"interpret":[59],"process":[62,106],"as":[63],"series":[65],"four":[67],"separate":[68,75],"stages":[69],"go":[72],"through.":[73],"Five":[74],"hypotheses":[76],"concerning":[77],"tested":[80],"and":[81,95,97,120,122,131],"receive":[82],"moderate":[83],"support.":[84],"It":[85],"appears":[86],"first":[89],"stage":[90,99,115,125],"(changes":[91,100,116,126],"government,":[93],"trade,":[94],"education)":[96],"last":[98],"behavior)":[102],"related":[108],"five":[111],"hypotheses.":[112],"second":[114],"health,":[118],"technology,":[119],"transportation)":[121],"third":[124],"family":[128],"structure,":[129],"religion,":[130],"personal":[132],"toilet)":[133],"not.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}