{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994886542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/327539","title":"Approaches to Teaching Voltaire's 'Candide'","display_name":"Approaches to Teaching Voltaire's 'Candide'","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994886542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/327539","mag":"1994886542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/327539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/327539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/327539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72851247","display_name":"Modern Language Journal","issn_l":"0026-7902","issn":["0026-7902","1540-4781"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Language Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029371667","display_name":"Lynn Kettler Penrod","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynn Kettler Penrod","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042398642","display_name":"Ren\u00e9e Waldinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renee Waldinger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"3","first_page":"358","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13667","display_name":"French Literature and Criticism","score":0.8134999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13667","display_name":"French Literature and Criticism","score":0.8134999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13153","display_name":"Rousseau and Enlightenment Thought","score":0.10970000177621841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13152","display_name":"French Language Learning Methods","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltaire","display_name":"Voltaire","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candide","display_name":"Candide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literature-teaching","display_name":"literature teaching","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-literature","display_name":"French literature","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enlightenment","display_name":"Enlightenment","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3201741576194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.306616872549057}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/327539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/327539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/327539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72851247","display_name":"Modern Language Journal","issn_l":"0026-7902","issn":["0026-7902","1540-4781"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Language Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2727908867","https://openalex.org/W4238975205","https://openalex.org/W2314492318","https://openalex.org/W2797566100","https://openalex.org/W1998807950","https://openalex.org/W2314152811","https://openalex.org/W2426190591","https://openalex.org/W1998248007","https://openalex.org/W2089598481","https://openalex.org/W2335345318"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
