{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994863669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/338985","title":"Pulsar Polar Cap Heating and Surface Thermal X\u2010Ray Emission. II. Inverse Compton Radiation Pair Fronts","display_name":"Pulsar Polar Cap Heating and Surface Thermal X\u2010Ray Emission. II. Inverse Compton Radiation Pair Fronts","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994863669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/338985","mag":"1994863669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/338985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/338985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/338985","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/338985/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/338985/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072508597","display_name":"Alice Kust Harding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6119-859X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6119-859X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice K. Harding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113484813","display_name":"Alexander G. Muslimov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093662","display_name":"SM&A (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006xy9v19","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093662"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander G. Muslimov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergent Information Technologies, Inc., Space Sciences Sector, Upper Marlboro, MD 20774"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergent Information Technologies, Inc., Space Sciences Sector, Upper Marlboro, MD 20774","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.364,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":230,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9665936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"568","issue":"2","first_page":"862","last_page":"877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.7182999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.7182999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.20280000567436218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.026900000870227814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsar-polar-caps","display_name":"pulsar polar caps","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-compton-scattering","display_name":"inverse Compton scattering","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-heating","display_name":"surface heating","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-x-ray-emission","display_name":"thermal X-ray emission","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field-screening","display_name":"electric field screening","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature-radiation","display_name":"curvature radiation","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millisecond-pulsars","display_name":"millisecond pulsars","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-luminosity","display_name":"gamma-ray luminosity","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-down-luminosity","display_name":"spin-down luminosity","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-pulsars","display_name":"radio pulsars","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-dipole-field","display_name":"dipole magnetic field","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110363677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360","display_name":"Pulsar","level":2,"score":0.9392315745353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9157678484916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12287442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902","display_name":"Luminosity","level":3,"score":0.708641767501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6357812881469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47085818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115238","display_name":"Pair production","level":2,"score":0.6045122146606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4689711332321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.45461025834083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61203554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171516","display_name":"Compton scattering","level":3,"score":0.4294518232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.1601525843143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12129244208335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.10756585001945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/338985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/338985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/338985","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/338985/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0112392","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0112392","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0112392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.256.8448","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.256.8448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0112392v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:531304","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/531304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0112392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0112392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0112392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"mag:2074873251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020084993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402118","display_name":"NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/338985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/338985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/338985","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/338985/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338036","display_name":"Astrophysics Division","ror":"https://ror.org/021z1wf35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994863669.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994863669.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969994462","https://openalex.org/W1982552086","https://openalex.org/W1991682492","https://openalex.org/W1999322723","https://openalex.org/W2000392080","https://openalex.org/W2005535558","https://openalex.org/W2006482874","https://openalex.org/W2017159292","https://openalex.org/W2018151163","https://openalex.org/W2019783934","https://openalex.org/W2024947404","https://openalex.org/W2026041749","https://openalex.org/W2037152710","https://openalex.org/W2044571898","https://openalex.org/W2044799571","https://openalex.org/W2049177115","https://openalex.org/W2058594460","https://openalex.org/W2059766209","https://openalex.org/W2062146392","https://openalex.org/W2074113789","https://openalex.org/W2081289033","https://openalex.org/W2086903221","https://openalex.org/W2091216738","https://openalex.org/W2092592288","https://openalex.org/W2144195318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017159292","https://openalex.org/W2736348380","https://openalex.org/W2091216738","https://openalex.org/W1968042141","https://openalex.org/W7097167379","https://openalex.org/W7099126013","https://openalex.org/W2074873251","https://openalex.org/W7099234392","https://openalex.org/W3098065960","https://openalex.org/W4251072852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,46,69,87,155],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,48,51,56,63,111,142,189,196,202,230,268],"production":[3],"of":[4,31,35,50,58,76,97,172,211,270],"electron-positron":[5],"pairs":[6,99,137],"by":[7,23,100,107,222],"inverse":[8,52],"Compton":[9,53],"scattered":[10],"(ICS)":[11],"photons":[12,105],"above":[13,43,110,195],"a":[14,29,114,179,208],"pulsar":[15,44,71,130,203],"polar":[16],"cap":[17],"(PC)":[18],"and":[19,39,61,66,79,102,152,259],"calculate":[20,47],"surface":[21,83,150],"heating":[22,64,221,232,244],"returning":[24,59],"positrons.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"is":[28,226,249],"continuation":[30],"our":[32,121],"self-consistent":[33],"treatment":[34],"acceleration,":[36],"pair":[37,77,123,162,183,224,236,247],"dynamics,":[38],"electric":[40,144],"field":[41,145],"screening":[42,159,175,193],"PCs.":[45],"altitude":[49],"pair-formation":[54],"fronts,":[55,237],"flux":[57],"positrons,":[60],"present":[62,80],"efficiencies":[65],"X-ray":[67,216,265],"luminosities.":[68],"revise":[70],"death":[72,124],"lines":[73],"implying":[74],"cessation":[75],"formation,":[78],"them":[81],"in":[82,113,251,267],"magnetic":[84,153],"field-period":[85],"space.":[86],"find":[88],"that":[89,120,135,157,201],"virtually":[90],"all":[91],"known":[92],"radio":[93,129],"pulsars":[94],"are":[95,138],"capable":[96],"producing":[98],"resonant":[101],"nonresonant":[103],"ICS":[104,122,136,161,223,246],"radiated":[106],"particles":[108,173],"accelerated":[109],"PC":[112,149,197,220,231,243],"pure":[115],"star-centered":[116],"dipole":[117],"field,":[118],"so":[119],"line":[125],"coincides":[126],"with":[127],"empirical":[128],"death.":[131],"Our":[132],"calculations":[133],"show":[134],"able":[139],"to":[140],"screen":[141],"accelerating":[143],"only":[146],"for":[147,240,262],"high":[148],"temperatures":[151],"fields.":[154],"argue":[156],"such":[158],"at":[160,178,185],"fronts":[163,225,248],"occurs":[164,194],"locally,":[165],"slowing":[166],"but":[167],"not":[168],"turning":[169],"off":[170],"acceleration":[171],"until":[174],"can":[176],"occur":[177],"curvature":[180],"radiation":[181],"(CR)":[182],"front":[184],"higher":[186],"altitude.":[187],"In":[188],"case":[190],"where":[191],"no":[192],"surface,":[198],"we":[199],"anticipate":[200],"\u03b3-ray":[204],"luminosity":[205,217,233],"will":[206],"be":[207],"substantial":[209],"fraction":[210],"its":[212],"spin-down":[213],"luminosity.":[214],"The":[215],"resulting":[218],"from":[219,234,245],"significantly":[227],"lower":[228],"than":[229],"CR":[235,257],"which":[238,254],"dominates":[239],"most":[241],"pulsars.":[242,273],"highest":[250],"millisecond":[252],"pulsars,":[253],"cannot":[255],"produce":[256],"pairs,":[258],"may":[260],"account":[261],"observed":[263],"thermal":[264],"components":[266],"spectra":[269],"these":[271],"old":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}