{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994749375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","title":"What factors drive interest rate spread of commercial banks? Empirical evidence from Kenya","display_name":"What factors drive interest rate spread of commercial banks? Empirical evidence from Kenya","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994749375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","mag":"1994749375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879933714000256/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898448967","display_name":"Review of Development Finance","issn_l":"1879-9337","issn":["1879-9337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Development Finance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879933714000256/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071135966","display_name":"Maureen Were","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5512-6207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5512-6207"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maureen Were","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre, Kenya School of Monetary Studies, Central Bank of Kenya, P.O. Box 60000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre, Kenya School of Monetary Studies, Central Bank of Kenya, P.O. Box 60000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057394687","display_name":"Joseph Wambua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Wambua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre, Kenya School of Monetary Studies, Central Bank of Kenya, P.O. Box 60000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre, Kenya School of Monetary Studies, Central Bank of Kenya, P.O. Box 60000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071135966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9745147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"73","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14183","display_name":"Banking Sector Performance and Management","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rate-spreads","display_name":"interest rate spreads","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-banks","display_name":"commercial banks","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-size","display_name":"bank size","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-performing-loans","display_name":"non-performing loans","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-risk","display_name":"credit risk","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-liquidity","display_name":"bank liquidity","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-average-assets","display_name":"return on average assets","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-costs","display_name":"operating costs","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-rate","display_name":"key rate","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-growth","display_name":"macroeconomic growth","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-concentration","display_name":"market concentration","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenyan-banking-sector","display_name":"Kenyan banking sector","score":0.8180000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.7254391312599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.6851708889007568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.6272555589675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.6054234504699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5226918458938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.49369558691978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45788586139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.4551319181919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178350159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162714","display_name":"Credit risk","level":2,"score":0.42902329564094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2008044719696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18324634432792664}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879933714000256/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898448967","display_name":"Review of Development Finance","issn_l":"1879-9337","issn":["1879-9337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Development Finance","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2014.05.005","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879933714000256/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898448967","display_name":"Review of Development Finance","issn_l":"1879-9337","issn":["1879-9337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Development Finance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5263000130653381}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994749375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994749375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590477487","https://openalex.org/W1564148465","https://openalex.org/W1963688151","https://openalex.org/W1997263085","https://openalex.org/W2009012048","https://openalex.org/W2076875561","https://openalex.org/W2093113352","https://openalex.org/W2097978133","https://openalex.org/W2109989125","https://openalex.org/W2115098172","https://openalex.org/W2121158655","https://openalex.org/W2125364257","https://openalex.org/W2146616257","https://openalex.org/W2161653793","https://openalex.org/W2268174592","https://openalex.org/W2738816462","https://openalex.org/W3121347345","https://openalex.org/W3121433632","https://openalex.org/W3125388719","https://openalex.org/W3126022999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2419976584","https://openalex.org/W6979907602","https://openalex.org/W2565251757","https://openalex.org/W2625322218","https://openalex.org/W4394612046","https://openalex.org/W2762885051","https://openalex.org/W2474166963","https://openalex.org/W2101815496","https://openalex.org/W4245540938","https://openalex.org/W2621048080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,92,104,117],"paper":[1],"empirically":[2],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,30,67,79,107,121,124,138],"determinants":[5],"of":[6,32,59,94,106,123,137],"interest":[7,33,63],"rate":[8,34,64,110],"spread":[9],"in":[10,29,127],"Kenya's":[11],"banking":[12,125],"sector":[13],"based":[14],"on":[15,52,78],"panel":[16],"data":[17],"analysis.":[18],"findings":[20],"show":[21],"that":[22],"bank-specific":[23],"factors":[24,96],"play":[25],"a":[26,75,129,134],"significant":[27,135],"role":[28],"determination":[31],"spreads.":[35,65,80],"These":[36],"include":[37],"bank":[38,71],"size,":[39],"credit":[40],"risk":[41],"as":[42,98],"measured":[43],"by":[44],"non-performing":[45],"loans":[46,49],"to":[47,89],"total":[48],"ratio,":[50],"return":[51],"average":[53],"assets":[54],"and":[55],"operating":[56],"costs,":[57],"all":[58],"which":[60,128],"positively":[61],"influence":[62],"On":[66,81],"other":[68],"hand,":[69],"higher":[70,86],"liquidity":[72],"ratio":[73],"has":[74],"negative":[76],"effect":[77,105],"average,":[82],"big":[83,131],"banks":[84,132],"have":[85],"spreads":[87],"compared":[88],"small":[90],"banks.":[91],"impact":[93],"macroeconomic":[95],"such":[97],"real":[99],"economic":[100],"growth":[101],"is":[102,111],"insignificant.":[103],"monetary":[108],"policy":[109],"positive":[112],"but":[113],"not":[114],"highly":[115],"significant.":[116],"results":[118],"largely":[119],"reflect":[120],"structure":[122],"industry,":[126],"few":[130],"control":[133],"share":[136],"market.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}