{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994684489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009365083010001001","title":"SELECTIVE EXPOSURE AND THE REINFORCEMENT HYPOTHESIS","display_name":"SELECTIVE EXPOSURE AND THE REINFORCEMENT HYPOTHESIS","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994684489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009365083010001001","mag":"1994684489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/009365083010001001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009365083010001001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009365083010001001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073466768","display_name":"Steven H. Chaffee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"STEVEN H. CHAFFEE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065043054","display_name":"Yuko Miyo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YUKO MIYO","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0247,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92080473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.5586000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.5586000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.3564000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.06369999796152115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-exposure","display_name":"selective exposure","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-campaign-communication","display_name":"campaign communication","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-identification","display_name":"party identification","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1980-presidential-campaign","display_name":"1980 presidential campaign","score":0.8460000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.8088142275810242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6474310159683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6437613368034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5604098439216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193521449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915057","display_name":"Biology and political orientation","level":3,"score":0.5377768278121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.46426865458488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4457198977470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42955300211906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.41242778301239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15003803372383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/009365083010001001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009365083010001001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009365083010001001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28604305","display_name":"Communication Research","issn_l":"0093-6502","issn":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W247152252","https://openalex.org/W589924556","https://openalex.org/W1534539087","https://openalex.org/W1556226410","https://openalex.org/W1940950433","https://openalex.org/W1966114254","https://openalex.org/W1974015259","https://openalex.org/W1974350935","https://openalex.org/W1977809073","https://openalex.org/W1982757790","https://openalex.org/W1983251277","https://openalex.org/W1983530641","https://openalex.org/W1991709088","https://openalex.org/W2001582595","https://openalex.org/W2002737815","https://openalex.org/W2016774988","https://openalex.org/W2029273250","https://openalex.org/W2035472222","https://openalex.org/W2039621801","https://openalex.org/W2079955265","https://openalex.org/W2085841190","https://openalex.org/W2096648510","https://openalex.org/W2103023235","https://openalex.org/W2104387278","https://openalex.org/W2114687090","https://openalex.org/W2120676184","https://openalex.org/W2135365169","https://openalex.org/W2163178535","https://openalex.org/W2254648226","https://openalex.org/W2321955857","https://openalex.org/W2328882054","https://openalex.org/W2329230588","https://openalex.org/W2331542722","https://openalex.org/W2345958508","https://openalex.org/W2497233650","https://openalex.org/W2730117995","https://openalex.org/W3001047301","https://openalex.org/W4230667328","https://openalex.org/W4248189354","https://openalex.org/W4250448300","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300107936","https://openalex.org/W4387709155","https://openalex.org/W4388393451"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2475842984","https://openalex.org/W7096318205","https://openalex.org/W2059182538","https://openalex.org/W1913833452","https://openalex.org/W190824927","https://openalex.org/W6996629560","https://openalex.org/W4313425344","https://openalex.org/W1501242485","https://openalex.org/W2195370695","https://openalex.org/W2604997279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,174],"article":[1],"tests":[2,140],"the":[3,48,61,65,69,80,83,95,108,154,180,186,193,200,207],"traditional":[4],"two-part":[5],"hypothesis":[6,208],"that":[7,97,123,209],"partisan":[8,124,147],"predispositions":[9,125,148,167],"motivate":[10],"a":[11,101,142,196,213],"person":[12],"to":[13,17,25,68,107,153,168,179],"be":[14],"selectively":[15],"exposed":[16],"political":[18,201],"campaign":[19,51,155,202],"communications,":[20],"which":[21,121,146,176],"in":[22,39,47,145],"turn":[23],"serve":[24],"reinforce":[26],"those":[27],"original":[28],"predispositions.":[29],"Five":[30],"hundred":[31],"one":[32,137],"pairs":[33],"of":[34,57,71,82,92,133,138,141,182,185,195],"adolescents":[35],"and":[36,45,156],"their":[37],"parents":[38],"Wisconsin":[40],"were":[41],"interviewed":[42],"both":[43,72],"early":[44],"late":[46],"1980":[49],"presidential":[50],"year.":[52],"There":[53],"is":[54,74,161,177,188,205,212],"some":[55],"evidence":[56],"selective":[58,157,172,210],"exposure":[59,93,158,211],"among":[60,64],"adolescents,":[62,187],"less":[63],"parents.":[66],"Exposure":[67],"campaigns":[70],"candidates":[73],"associated":[75],"with":[76,85,105,118],"greater":[77],"liking":[78,87,170],"at":[79],"end":[81],"campaign,":[84],"precampaign":[86],"controlled.":[88],"These":[89],"positive":[90,112],"effects":[91,113],"contradict":[94],"notion":[96],"\u201creinforcement\u201d":[98],"would":[99],"include":[100],"\u201cnegative":[102],"reinforcement\u201d":[103],"effect":[104,132,181],"regard":[106],"opposition":[109],"candidate.":[110],"The":[111],"do":[114,126],"not":[115,127],"interact":[116],"statistically":[117],"party":[119,183],"identification,":[120],"indicates":[122],"heighten":[128],"any":[129],"presumed":[130],"reinforcement":[131],"exposure.":[134,173],"In":[135],"only":[136],"four":[139],"causal":[143],"model":[144],"are":[149],"treated":[150],"as":[151,159,192],"exogenous":[152],"endogenous":[160],"there":[162],"an":[163],"indirect":[164],"path":[165],"from":[166],"postcampaign":[169],"via":[171],"finding,":[175],"limited":[178],"identification":[184],"more":[189],"readily":[190],"explained":[191],"result":[194],"single-object":[197],"orientation":[198],"toward":[199],"than":[203],"it":[204],"by":[206],"mechanism":[214],"for":[215],"reinforcement.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
