{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994450708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(77)90363-8","title":"Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in discrete nuclei of hypothalamus and substantia nigra","display_name":"Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in discrete nuclei of hypothalamus and substantia nigra","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994450708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(77)90363-8","mag":"1994450708","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)90363-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(77)90363-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(77)90363-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96638545","display_name":"Brain Research","issn_l":"0006-8993","issn":["0006-8993","1872-6240"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111655856","display_name":"Marcel Tappaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel L. Tappaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014 U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108912848","display_name":"Michael Brownstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Brownstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014 U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042995179","display_name":"Irwin J. Kopin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-870X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-870X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irwin J. Kopin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014 U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158500"],"apc_list":{"value":3360,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3360},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7644,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":200,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9596056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"125","issue":"1","first_page":"109","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10814","display_name":"Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamic-acid-decarboxylase","display_name":"glutamic acid decarboxylase","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamic-nuclei","display_name":"hypothalamic nuclei","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substantia-nigra","display_name":"substantia nigra","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabaergic-neurons","display_name":"GABAergic neurons","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba-synthesis","display_name":"GABA synthesis","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba-turnover","display_name":"GABA turnover","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-eminence","display_name":"median eminence","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroendocrine-regulation","display_name":"neuroendocrine regulation","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rat-brain","display_name":"rat brain","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9497952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419650","display_name":"Glutamate decarboxylase","level":3,"score":0.9068858027458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753278","display_name":"Substantia nigra","level":4,"score":0.8109819889068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7047436833381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6990407705307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779067335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337712","display_name":"Median eminence","level":3,"score":0.6979910135269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779177108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18356742","display_name":"GABAergic","level":3,"score":0.6471723914146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777003273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164386","display_name":"Hypothalamus","level":2,"score":0.6334251165390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777771985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210021","display_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric acid","level":3,"score":0.5331933498382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16613235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285982","display_name":"Endogeny","level":2,"score":0.48038798570632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778458369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253246","display_name":"Arcuate nucleus","level":3,"score":0.4746561646461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779414652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3604505","display_name":"Aminobutyric acid","level":3,"score":0.4452360272407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4402998089790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.4373228847980499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4332343339920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319792","display_name":"Striatum","level":3,"score":0.4196358919143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.3795483708381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.23800772428512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1691107153892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.1663016676902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.12650781869888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.05895140767097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.057379305362701416}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000613","descriptor_name":"Aminobutyrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002262","descriptor_name":"Carboxy-Lyases","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005680","descriptor_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005968","descriptor_name":"Glutamate Decarboxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007031","descriptor_name":"Hypothalamus","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008473","descriptor_name":"Median Eminence","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008872","descriptor_name":"Microwaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011301","descriptor_name":"Preoptic Area","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013378","descriptor_name":"Substantia Nigra","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013495","descriptor_name":"Supraoptic Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)90363-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(77)90363-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(77)90363-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96638545","display_name":"Brain Research","issn_l":"0006-8993","issn":["0006-8993","1872-6240"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:856403","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30365571","https://openalex.org/W179735311","https://openalex.org/W975393094","https://openalex.org/W1482691507","https://openalex.org/W1509146592","https://openalex.org/W1516283177","https://openalex.org/W1598732229","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1939037149","https://openalex.org/W1964442944","https://openalex.org/W1966114495","https://openalex.org/W1980770383","https://openalex.org/W1986075540","https://openalex.org/W1996373289","https://openalex.org/W1997109993","https://openalex.org/W1999638222","https://openalex.org/W2009460169","https://openalex.org/W2012936045","https://openalex.org/W2018911640","https://openalex.org/W2020627917","https://openalex.org/W2022519564","https://openalex.org/W2024422682","https://openalex.org/W2025832951","https://openalex.org/W2028079792","https://openalex.org/W2036505219","https://openalex.org/W2038769306","https://openalex.org/W2041495407","https://openalex.org/W2045094409","https://openalex.org/W2046188669","https://openalex.org/W2049594913","https://openalex.org/W2054160097","https://openalex.org/W2060369229","https://openalex.org/W2062945533","https://openalex.org/W2067624596","https://openalex.org/W2072521941","https://openalex.org/W2076286543","https://openalex.org/W2076736818","https://openalex.org/W2078991586","https://openalex.org/W2083539210","https://openalex.org/W2084024260","https://openalex.org/W2093262533","https://openalex.org/W2094306155","https://openalex.org/W2108706154","https://openalex.org/W2136615088","https://openalex.org/W2237832779","https://openalex.org/W2267823044","https://openalex.org/W2338134389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054160097","https://openalex.org/W2125966922","https://openalex.org/W2069001066","https://openalex.org/W2084049016","https://openalex.org/W1983119903","https://openalex.org/W2080971033","https://openalex.org/W2025007919","https://openalex.org/W2074870180","https://openalex.org/W1979091546","https://openalex.org/W1982991046"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
