{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994353307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02143946","title":"Processing empty categories: A parallel approach","display_name":"Processing empty categories: A parallel approach","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994353307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02143946","mag":"1994353307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02143946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02143946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02143946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148653594","display_name":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research","issn_l":"0090-6905","issn":["0090-6905","1573-6555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021445004","display_name":"Edward A. F. Gibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-883X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-883X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, E10-034C, MIT, 02139, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, E10-034C, MIT, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, E10-034C, MIT, 02139, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, E10-034C, MIT, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051382052","display_name":"Gregory S. Hickok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8025-2376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8025-2376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307098950","display_name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03xez1567","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Hickok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute, 92037, La Jolla, California","Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute, La Jolla"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute, 92037, La Jolla, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute, La Jolla","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307098950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043043604","display_name":"Carson T. Sch\u00fctze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-314X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-314X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carson T. Sch\u00fctze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76244501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"381","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.8076000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.8076000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.17430000007152557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empty-categories","display_name":"empty categories","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-resolution","display_name":"ambiguity resolution","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garden-path-sentences","display_name":"garden-path sentences","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-distance-dependencies","display_name":"long-distance dependencies","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-syntax","display_name":"English syntax","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dutch-syntax","display_name":"Dutch syntax","score":0.9890000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451195","display_name":"Sentence processing","level":3,"score":0.8122096061706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7456170916557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.7382116913795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89267518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","level":3,"score":0.6951632499694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.679428219795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.6191639304161072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5236920118331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5148988962173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.502316951751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.497212678194046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4904727637767792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46679291129112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45288705825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.34195324778556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3268251121044159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19337844848632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.13112550973892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02143946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02143946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02143946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148653594","display_name":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research","issn_l":"0090-6905","issn":["0090-6905","1573-6555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149848102","https://openalex.org/W161317451","https://openalex.org/W189565971","https://openalex.org/W197642635","https://openalex.org/W650486045","https://openalex.org/W966404889","https://openalex.org/W1037531711","https://openalex.org/W1493202756","https://openalex.org/W1499714994","https://openalex.org/W1586060904","https://openalex.org/W1768003599","https://openalex.org/W1968208097","https://openalex.org/W1978331037","https://openalex.org/W1981724541","https://openalex.org/W1984980864","https://openalex.org/W1993717549","https://openalex.org/W1995943517","https://openalex.org/W2002654918","https://openalex.org/W2006964588","https://openalex.org/W2009086590","https://openalex.org/W2028041302","https://openalex.org/W2033805517","https://openalex.org/W2038536973","https://openalex.org/W2046240810","https://openalex.org/W2055860120","https://openalex.org/W2056367827","https://openalex.org/W2057569858","https://openalex.org/W2061311021","https://openalex.org/W2074751364","https://openalex.org/W2076899596","https://openalex.org/W2077117307","https://openalex.org/W2084309814","https://openalex.org/W2095669535","https://openalex.org/W2100589257","https://openalex.org/W2105289241","https://openalex.org/W2105710547","https://openalex.org/W2115366329","https://openalex.org/W2115808348","https://openalex.org/W2120959311","https://openalex.org/W2122472280","https://openalex.org/W2132796688","https://openalex.org/W2150945838","https://openalex.org/W2157336422","https://openalex.org/W2263529332","https://openalex.org/W2312747799","https://openalex.org/W2497398663","https://openalex.org/W2597878819","https://openalex.org/W2734606965","https://openalex.org/W2990018842","https://openalex.org/W2995416019","https://openalex.org/W3085446618","https://openalex.org/W4298349088","https://openalex.org/W6635152973","https://openalex.org/W7006372223","https://openalex.org/W7017431025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014332750","https://openalex.org/W2071079152","https://openalex.org/W7096524176","https://openalex.org/W1497205376","https://openalex.org/W2157336422","https://openalex.org/W1512347768","https://openalex.org/W2039991608","https://openalex.org/W7099062338","https://openalex.org/W2033805517","https://openalex.org/W2342167290"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
