{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994239676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","title":"A RCT evaluating the effectiveness and cost\u2010effectiveness of academic detailing versus postal prescribing feedback in changing GP antibiotic prescribing","display_name":"A RCT evaluating the effectiveness and cost\u2010effectiveness of academic detailing versus postal prescribing feedback in changing GP antibiotic prescribing","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994239676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","mag":"1994239676","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19811593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2713501","display_name":"Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice","issn_l":"1356-1294","issn":["1356-1294","1365-2753"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022359628","display_name":"Corina Naughton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-064X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-064X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Corina Naughton","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. corina.naughton@ucd.ie","Lecturer, UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. corina.naughton@ucd.ie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108514212","display_name":"John Feely","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Feely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deceased","Head,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deceased","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015600063","display_name":"Kathleen Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-7665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-7665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022359628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8057,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89235373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"807","last_page":"812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-detailing","display_name":"academic detailing","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescribing-feedback","display_name":"prescribing feedback","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-prescribing","display_name":"antibiotic prescribing","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-line-antibiotics","display_name":"second-line antibiotics","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioners","display_name":"general practitioners","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care-prescribing","display_name":"primary care prescribing","score":0.5220000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8398685455322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779703844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760125","display_name":"Reimbursement","level":3,"score":0.7549839615821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780222150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2896785","display_name":"Academic detailing","level":3,"score":0.7538759708404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6196897625923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.5357859134674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.5085998773574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781400479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11640","display_name":"Outreach","level":2,"score":0.4695596992969513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.46343713998794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.44939711689949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.43365705013275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.38718560338020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3272562325000763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21041640639305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.19860854744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1741372048854828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004352","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Microbial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007494","descriptor_name":"Ireland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010821","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Family","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011177","descriptor_name":"Postal Service","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011307","descriptor_name":"Drug Prescriptions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055624","descriptor_name":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2713501","display_name":"Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice","issn_l":"1356-1294","issn":["1356-1294","1365-2753"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19811593","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19811593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of evaluation in clinical practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/119f5916-ce5b-46e8-b49c-20216ec782c9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/119f5916-ce5b-46e8-b49c-20216ec782c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Naughton, C, Feely, J & Bennett, K 2009, 'A RCT evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of academic detailing versus postal prescribing feedback in changing GP antibiotic prescribing', Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 807-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01099.x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lenus.ie:10147/302725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10147/302725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401756","display_name":"Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.lenus.ie:10147/302725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10147/302725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401756","display_name":"Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523971680","https://openalex.org/W1540055596","https://openalex.org/W1548606575","https://openalex.org/W1574508660","https://openalex.org/W1581066795","https://openalex.org/W1943286543","https://openalex.org/W1965204093","https://openalex.org/W1983651487","https://openalex.org/W1984208936","https://openalex.org/W1989065277","https://openalex.org/W2005416666","https://openalex.org/W2013703587","https://openalex.org/W2032343193","https://openalex.org/W2042472315","https://openalex.org/W2047241255","https://openalex.org/W2058079230","https://openalex.org/W2062316742","https://openalex.org/W2067433117","https://openalex.org/W2074611909","https://openalex.org/W2084031693","https://openalex.org/W2096941052","https://openalex.org/W2110132657","https://openalex.org/W2119279077","https://openalex.org/W2130752053","https://openalex.org/W2132826081","https://openalex.org/W2157983305","https://openalex.org/W2166907962","https://openalex.org/W2166920140","https://openalex.org/W2168706856","https://openalex.org/W2171609823","https://openalex.org/W2403505108","https://openalex.org/W4253801586","https://openalex.org/W4388365432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297964916","https://openalex.org/W2013523699","https://openalex.org/W2157983305","https://openalex.org/W2616851695","https://openalex.org/W1574508660","https://openalex.org/W1989006659","https://openalex.org/W6886012019","https://openalex.org/W4388719693","https://openalex.org/W2158805255","https://openalex.org/W4405220050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"The":[1,118],"aim":[2],"of":[3,11,30,35,43,127],"this":[4],"study":[5],"is":[6],"to":[7,67],"evaluate":[8],"the":[9,27,41,93,124,128,191,195,202],"effectiveness":[10],"academic":[12,79,240],"detailing":[13,80,241],"(AD)":[14,84],"plus":[15,81],"postal":[16,20,51,72,82,206,248],"prescribing":[17,21,52,69,99,108,136,171,189,207,218,253],"feedback":[18,22,53,70,208,231],"versus":[19,49,139],"alone":[23],"in":[24,107,134,137,178,187,194,217,250],"reducing:":[25],"(i)":[26],"overall":[28,166,234],"rate":[29],"antibiotic;":[31],"and":[32,111,154,235],"(ii)":[33],"proportion":[34,105],"second-line":[36,236],"antibiotic":[37,135,167,170,188,237,252],"prescribing.":[38,168],"In":[39,201],"addition,":[40],"cost-effectiveness":[42,119,203],"an":[44],"outreach":[45],"prescriber":[46,226],"adviser":[47,227],"service":[48,54,97,209],"a":[50,205,225],"was":[55,90,121,172,242],"evaluated.":[56],"METHODS:":[57],"Volunteer":[58],"general":[59],"practitioner":[60],"practices":[61,163],"(n":[62,75,85],"=":[63,76,86,148,157],"98)":[64],"were":[65,183],"randomized":[66,192],"receive":[68],"via":[71],"bulletin":[73,83,249],"(PB)":[74],"50)":[77],"or":[78,197],"48).":[87],"Data":[88],"analysis":[89,204],"based":[91],"on":[92],"HSE-primary":[94],"care":[95],"reimbursement":[96],"(HSE-PCRS)":[98],"database.":[100],"Regression":[101],"(beta)":[102],"coefficients,":[103],"indicating":[104],"change":[106,133,216],"per":[109,214],"month,":[110],"95%":[112,150,159],"confidence":[113],"intervals":[114],"(CIs)":[115],"are":[116],"presented.":[117],"ratio":[120],"calculated":[122],"from":[123],"total":[125],"cost":[126,211],"intervention":[129,145],"divided":[130],"by":[131,176],"percentage":[132,215],"AD":[138,155],"PB":[140,146],"group.":[141],"RESULTS:":[142],"Immediately":[143],"post":[144],"(beta":[147,156],"-0.02,":[149,158],"CI":[151,160],"-0.04,":[152],"-0.001)":[153,162],"-0.03,":[161],"significantly":[164,174,232,244],"decreased":[165,175],"Second-line":[169],"also":[173],"2-3%":[177],"both":[179],"groups.":[180],"However,":[181],"there":[182],"no":[184],"significant":[185],"differences":[186],"between":[190],"groups":[193],"immediate":[196],"long-term":[198],"post-intervention":[199],"period.":[200],"would":[210],"euro":[212,222],"88":[213],"practice":[219],"compared":[220],"with":[221],"778":[223],"for":[224],"service.":[228],"CONCLUSION:":[229],"Prescribing":[230],"reduced":[233],"prescribing,":[238],"but":[239],"not":[243],"more":[245],"effective":[246],"than":[247],"changing":[251],"practice.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}