{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994220346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199911000-00032","title":"Expression of Genes for Proinflammatory Cytokines in Alveolar Macrophages During Propofol and Isoflurane Anesthesia","display_name":"Expression of Genes for Proinflammatory Cytokines in Alveolar Macrophages During Propofol and Isoflurane Anesthesia","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994220346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199911000-00032","mag":"1994220346","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10553845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00000539-199911000-00032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199911000-00032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199911000-00032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104698359","display_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","issn_l":"0003-2999","issn":["0003-2999","1526-7598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084247319","display_name":"Naoki Kotani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-1370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-1370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146516829","display_name":"Hirosaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/02syg0q74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Kotani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075427398","display_name":"Hiroshi Hashimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-6789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-6789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146516829","display_name":"Hirosaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/02syg0q74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042996287","display_name":"Daniel I. Sessler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-3077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-3077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel I. Sessler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025249477","display_name":"Tadanobu Yasuda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146516829","display_name":"Hirosaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/02syg0q74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tadanobu Yasuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081344031","display_name":"Toshiaki Ebina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-6706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-6706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146516829","display_name":"Hirosaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/02syg0q74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toshiaki Ebina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110078100","display_name":"Masatoshi Muraoka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146516829","display_name":"Hirosaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/02syg0q74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masatoshi Muraoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105299442","display_name":"Akitomo MATSUKI","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146516829","display_name":"Hirosaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/02syg0q74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akitomo Matsuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025249477","https://openalex.org/A5075427398","https://openalex.org/A5081344031","https://openalex.org/A5084247319","https://openalex.org/A5105299442","https://openalex.org/A5110078100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146516829"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94824421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"5","first_page":"1250","last_page":"1250???1256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.551800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.551800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12626","display_name":"Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response","score":0.20960000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12963","display_name":"Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research","score":0.11540000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbaric-bupivacaine","display_name":"hyperbaric bupivacaine","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plain-bupivacaine","display_name":"plain bupivacaine","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fentanyl","display_name":"fentanyl","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrathecal-analgesia","display_name":"intrathecal analgesia","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combined-spinal-epidural-anesthesia","display_name":"combined spinal-epidural anesthesia","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesarean-section","display_name":"cesarean section","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-block","display_name":"motor block","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-satisfaction","display_name":"maternal satisfaction","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parturients","display_name":"parturients","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9459612369537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778072891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334793","display_name":"Dermatome","level":2,"score":0.9012132883071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.8840919733047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781072394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407541","display_name":"Fentanyl","level":2,"score":0.7214564085006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422740","display_name":"Propofol","level":2,"score":0.5927906632423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781328992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422806","display_name":"Bupivacaine","level":2,"score":0.5674890875816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130093455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173253","display_name":"Sensation","level":2,"score":0.5285089612007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.38786330819129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000758","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001992","descriptor_name":"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007371","descriptor_name":"Interferon-gamma","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007371","descriptor_name":"Interferon-gamma","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007375","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007375","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007530","descriptor_name":"Isoflurane","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014158","descriptor_name":"Transcription, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015742","descriptor_name":"Propofol","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015850","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-6","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015850","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-6","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016209","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-8","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016209","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-8","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016676","descriptor_name":"Macrophages, Alveolar","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018685","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Inhalation","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018686","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018836","descriptor_name":"Inflammation Mediators","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00000539-199911000-00032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199911000-00032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199911000-00032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104698359","display_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","issn_l":"0003-2999","issn":["0003-2999","1526-7598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1213/00000539-199911000-00032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199911000-00032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199911000-00032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104698359","display_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","issn_l":"0003-2999","issn":["0003-2999","1526-7598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10553845","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10553845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia and analgesia","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmid:10553846","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10553846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia and analgesia","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.327.8031","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.327.8031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/89/5/1250.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8833767819","display_name":"SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN AND SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS","funder_award_id":"5r01gm058273-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488573278","https://openalex.org/W1662919691","https://openalex.org/W1898899939","https://openalex.org/W1965669986","https://openalex.org/W1967275885","https://openalex.org/W1975028730","https://openalex.org/W1977354312","https://openalex.org/W1984803171","https://openalex.org/W1987399580","https://openalex.org/W1992893906","https://openalex.org/W1993293057","https://openalex.org/W1993444562","https://openalex.org/W1995651799","https://openalex.org/W2006280317","https://openalex.org/W2009808558","https://openalex.org/W2010229889","https://openalex.org/W2018642421","https://openalex.org/W2019502698","https://openalex.org/W2026261309","https://openalex.org/W2029808344","https://openalex.org/W2035190525","https://openalex.org/W2036520808","https://openalex.org/W2043272915","https://openalex.org/W2047036884","https://openalex.org/W2050040745","https://openalex.org/W2053286493","https://openalex.org/W2057816787","https://openalex.org/W2063076548","https://openalex.org/W2071925409","https://openalex.org/W2076663389","https://openalex.org/W2084745644","https://openalex.org/W2092398057","https://openalex.org/W2092888370","https://openalex.org/W2099269823","https://openalex.org/W2104728637","https://openalex.org/W2117860495","https://openalex.org/W2117877363","https://openalex.org/W2121102190","https://openalex.org/W2129069530","https://openalex.org/W2129301344","https://openalex.org/W2134200779","https://openalex.org/W2139041253","https://openalex.org/W2147819976","https://openalex.org/W2152437477","https://openalex.org/W2153253115","https://openalex.org/W2158234041","https://openalex.org/W2254552946","https://openalex.org/W6637350073","https://openalex.org/W6679154396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234496437","https://openalex.org/W2070605472","https://openalex.org/W61930273","https://openalex.org/W2039502034","https://openalex.org/W7217066064","https://openalex.org/W4282046392","https://openalex.org/W2475035756","https://openalex.org/W3118882767","https://openalex.org/W4416067593","https://openalex.org/W2061399561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UNLABELLED:":[0],"Anesthesia":[1],"and":[2,7,33,60,67,79,94,129,147,167,177,228],"surgery":[3,168],"induce":[4],"macrophage":[5],"aggregation":[6],"neutrophil":[8],"influx,":[9],"responses":[10,216],"that":[11,160,178,214],"characterize":[12],"an":[13,108],"inflammatory":[14,163,215],"reaction":[15,104],"in":[16,116,127,182,197,220],"the":[17,23,69,143,161,172,226],"distal":[18],"airway.":[19],"We":[20,36,111],"thus":[21,158],"evaluated":[22],"time-dependent":[24],"expression":[25,118,173,180,193],"of":[26,65,71,87,119,142,174,194,230],"genes":[27,144],"for":[28,145],"proinflammatory":[29,121,175,195],"cytokines":[30,122,196],"during":[31,136,186,208],"propofol":[32,41,139,189,211],"isoflurane":[34,46,137,187,209],"anesthesia.":[35,140,190,231],"studied":[37],"patients":[38],"anesthetized":[39],"with":[40,153],"(n":[42,47],"=":[43,48],"20)":[44],"or":[45],"20).":[49],"Alveolar":[50],"macrophages":[51,199,222],"were":[52,132,206],"harvested":[53,77],"by":[54,83,100,171,225],"bronchoalveolar":[55],"lavage":[56],"immediately,":[57],"2,":[58],"4,":[59],"6":[61],"h":[62],"after":[63],"induction":[64],"anesthesia,":[66,212],"at":[68,217],"end":[70],"surgery.":[72],"RNA":[73],"was":[74,81,98,151,181],"extracted":[75],"from":[76],"cells":[78],"cDNA":[80],"synthesized":[82],"reverse":[84],"transcription.":[85],"Expression":[86,141],"interleukin-1beta":[88],"(IL-1beta),":[89],"IL-6,":[90],"IL-8,":[91],"interferon":[92,130],"gamma,":[93],"tumor":[95,148],"necrosis":[96,149],"factor-alpha":[97,150],"measured":[99],"semiquantitative":[101],"polymerase":[102],"chain":[103],"using":[105],"beta-actin":[106],"as":[107],"internal":[109],"standard.":[110],"observed":[112],"two":[113],"10-fold":[114],"increases":[115,126,205],"gene":[117],"all":[120],"except":[123],"IL-6.":[124],"The":[125,204],"IL-8":[128],"gamma":[131],"1.5-3":[133],"times":[134],"greater":[135,185,207],"than":[138,188,210],"IL-1beta":[146],"similar":[152],"each":[154],"anesthetic.":[155],"Our":[156],"data":[157],"indicate":[159],"pulmonary":[162],"response":[164],"accompanying":[165],"anesthesia":[166],"is":[169],"accompanied":[170],"cytokines,":[176],"this":[179],"some":[183],"cases":[184],"IMPLICATIONS:":[191],"Gene":[192],"alveolar":[198,221],"increased":[200],"significantly":[201],"over":[202],"time.":[203],"suggesting":[213],"transcriptional":[218],"levels":[219],"are":[223],"modulated":[224],"type":[227],"duration":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}