{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994075568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00041444-199906000-00005","title":"Detecting QTLs for uni- and bipolar disorder using a variance component method","display_name":"Detecting QTLs for uni- and bipolar disorder using a variance component method","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994075568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00041444-199906000-00005","mag":"1994075568","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10412186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00041444-199906000-00005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00041444-199906000-00005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00041444-199906000-00005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41645954","display_name":"Psychiatric Genetics","issn_l":"0955-8829","issn":["0955-8829","1473-5873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatric Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020502354","display_name":"Peter M. Visscher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-8760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-8760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. M. Visscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Division of Biological Sciences, UK. peter.visscher@ed.ac.uk","University of Edinburgh, Division of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Division of Biological Sciences, UK. peter.visscher@ed.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Division of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006934895","display_name":"Chris Haley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-0210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-0210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133960621","display_name":"Roslin Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01920rj20","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133960621","https://openalex.org/I2799693246","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. S. Haley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133960621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091771874","display_name":"Simon Charles Heath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-0897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-0897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83399316","display_name":"Rockefeller University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420db125","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83399316"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. C. Heath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rockefeller University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rockefeller University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83399316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072141099","display_name":"Walter J Muir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618995","display_name":"Royal Edinburgh Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04jxcef68","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2801618995"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. J. Muir","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618995","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071477979","display_name":"Douglas Blackwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4076-9346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4076-9346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618995","display_name":"Royal Edinburgh Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04jxcef68","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324252669","https://openalex.org/I2801618995"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. H.R. Blackwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618995","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80917569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"75","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.5917999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.5917999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.2863999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.08879999816417694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unipolar-disorder","display_name":"unipolar disorder","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-trait-loci","display_name":"quantitative trait loci","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromosome-4","display_name":"chromosome 4","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-family","display_name":"extended family","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsatellite-markers","display_name":"microsatellite markers","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-by-descent","display_name":"identity by descent","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-component-analysis","display_name":"variance component analysis","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-maximum-likelihood","display_name":"restricted maximum likelihood","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lod-score","display_name":"lod score","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-linkage","display_name":"genetic linkage","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-inheritance","display_name":"polygenic inheritance","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5605331659317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5061036944389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61420037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316301","display_name":"Restricted maximum likelihood","level":3,"score":0.4344835579395294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61320498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265193","display_name":"Microsatellite","level":4,"score":0.42588502168655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178221405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988338","display_name":"Identity by descent","level":5,"score":0.4201200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3370605409145355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32879436016082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.25184154510498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.15591338276863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.14887571334838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.09319418668746948}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002894","descriptor_name":"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005819","descriptor_name":"Genetic Markers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008040","descriptor_name":"Genetic Linkage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008126","descriptor_name":"Lod Score","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010375","descriptor_name":"Pedigree","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012606","descriptor_name":"Scotland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019655","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait, Heritable","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00041444-199906000-00005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00041444-199906000-00005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00041444-199906000-00005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41645954","display_name":"Psychiatric Genetics","issn_l":"0955-8829","issn":["0955-8829","1473-5873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatric Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10412186","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10412186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatric genetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026314085","https://openalex.org/W2141834720","https://openalex.org/W2072509409","https://openalex.org/W2014430076","https://openalex.org/W7099578051","https://openalex.org/W2153108053","https://openalex.org/W3039066561","https://openalex.org/W7161540419","https://openalex.org/W2333700878","https://openalex.org/W1509429493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,100,193,228,259],"objective":[1],"of":[2,43,48,64,69,91,143,154,204,253,265],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,77,103,145,198,248],"to":[6,13],"use":[7],"a":[8,20,89,131,159,175,180,190,223,239],"robust":[9],"variance":[10,139,155,211],"component":[11,161,177],"method":[12],"analyse":[14],"unipolar":[15,70],"and":[16,33,71,79,188,213,225],"bipolar":[17,53,72,257],"disorder":[18,54,73],"in":[19,28,74,97,105,116,140,238,269],"large":[21],"Scottish":[22],"extended":[23],"family":[24,76],"(n":[25],"=":[26,234],"168)":[27],"which":[29],"linkage":[30],"between":[31,167],"markers":[32,84],"disease":[34],"has":[35],"been":[36],"previously":[37],"reported":[38],"on":[39,55,62,85],"the":[40,75,98,117,138,141,164,170,184,201,205,214,219,246,251,266,270],"short":[41],"arm":[42],"chromosome":[44,86,181],"4.":[45],"Data":[46],"consisted":[47],"diagnosed":[49],"clinical":[50],"uni-":[51,255],"or":[52,256],"143":[56],"individuals,":[57],"with":[58,130,163,179],"microsatellite":[59],"marker":[60,127],"information":[61],"109":[63],"these":[65],"individuals.":[66],"incidence":[68],"17/143,":[78],"11/143,":[80],"respectively.":[81],"Eleven":[82],"linked":[83],"4,":[87],"spanning":[88,241],"region":[90,240],"approximately":[92],"26":[93],"cM,":[94,244],"were":[95,119,156,236],"used":[96],"analysis.":[99],"statistical":[101],"analysis":[102],"performed":[104],"two":[106],"steps.":[107],"First,":[108],"pairwise":[109],"identify-by-descent":[110],"(IBD)":[111],"coefficients":[112],"for":[113],"all":[114,126,209],"individuals":[115,168],"pedigree":[118],"calculated":[120,199],"at":[121],"1":[122],"cM":[123],"intervals,":[124],"using":[125,147,169,183],"data":[128],"simultaneously,":[129],"Monte":[132],"Carlo":[133],"Markov":[134],"Chain":[135],"algorithm.":[136],"Second,":[137],"trait":[142,247],"interest":[144],"partitioned":[146],"residual":[148,191,226],"maximum":[149,202,215],"likelihood":[150,203,216],"(REML).":[151],"Three":[152],"components":[153],"estimated:":[157],"(i)":[158],"genetic":[160,176],"associated":[162,178],"average":[165],"relationship":[166,172],"numerator":[171],"matrix,":[173],"(ii)":[174],"location":[182],"estimated":[185],"IBD":[186],"coefficients,":[187],"(iii)":[189],"component.":[192,227],"test":[194],"statistic":[195],"(LOD":[196],"score)":[197],"from":[200,218],"full":[206],"model,":[207,221],"fitting":[208,222],"three":[210],"components,":[212],"value":[217],"reduced":[220],"polygenic":[224],"largest":[229],"LOD":[230,233],"scores":[231],"(maximum":[232],"5.9),":[235],"found":[237],"about":[242,263],"10":[243],"when":[245],"defined":[249],"as":[250],"occurrence":[252],"either":[254],"disorder.":[258],"putative":[260],"QTL":[261],"explained":[262],"25%":[264],"total":[267],"variation":[268],"trait.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}