{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993933348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","title":"Smorgasbord or symphony? Assessing public health nutrition policies across 30 European countries using a novel framework","display_name":"Smorgasbord or symphony? Assessing public health nutrition policies across 30 European countries using a novel framework","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993933348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","mag":"1993933348","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25413832","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4251675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028971374","display_name":"Ffion Lloyd\u2010Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9422-8174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9422-8174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ffion Lloyd-Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB Liverpool, Merseyside, UK. ffionlw@liv.ac.uk","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB Liverpool, Merseyside, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB Liverpool, Merseyside, UK. ffionlw@liv.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Helen Bromley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Bromley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048590700","display_name":"Lois Orton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-523X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-523X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lois Orton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050461030","display_name":"Corinna Hawkes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-878X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-878X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114307","display_name":"World Cancer Research Fund International","ror":"https://ror.org/02747h926","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114307"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corinna Hawkes","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030109089","display_name":"David Carlton Taylor-Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-7724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-7724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Taylor-Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003071366","display_name":"Mart\u00edn O\u2019Flaherty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-4131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-4131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin O\u2019Flaherty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103575883","display_name":"Rory McGill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rory McGill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111754798","display_name":"Elspeth Anwar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elspeth Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011699570","display_name":"Lirije Hyseni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6620-9953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6620-9953","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7471-8792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lirije Hyseni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057026882","display_name":"M Moonan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"May Moonan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102793561","display_name":"Mike Rayner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-6483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-6483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Rayner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032737180","display_name":"Simon Capewell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Capewell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, L69 3GB, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health & Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health & SocietyUniversity of Liverpool, Quadrangle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028971374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":15.3636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98596745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"1195","last_page":"1195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14242","display_name":"Nutrition, Health, and Society Studies","score":0.03739999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12057","display_name":"Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-nutrition-policy","display_name":"public health nutrition policy","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-reformulation","display_name":"food reformulation","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-taxes","display_name":"food taxation","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sugar-sweetened-beverage-tax","display_name":"sugar-sweetened beverage tax","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-labeling","display_name":"food labeling","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-marketing-restrictions","display_name":"food marketing restrictions","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-effectiveness","display_name":"policy effectiveness","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-countries","display_name":"European countries","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6398670673370361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5290523767471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.5161513090133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776890026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7070501","display_name":"Nutrition Education","level":2,"score":0.5023341178894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.4935842752456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.47337716817855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4615914821624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.4611639380455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.43270987272262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41485950350761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4023047387599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34548860788345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2575657367706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20089659094810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.12023335695266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.09702321887016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018673","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019649","descriptor_name":"Food Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4251675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4251675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25413832","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25413832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:15473","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/corinna=2Ehawkes.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1195","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1993933348.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1993933348.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544133109","https://openalex.org/W1547807532","https://openalex.org/W1606034951","https://openalex.org/W1647537488","https://openalex.org/W2027266252","https://openalex.org/W2040887668","https://openalex.org/W2088547283","https://openalex.org/W2097950056","https://openalex.org/W2106976816","https://openalex.org/W2120202585","https://openalex.org/W2130022681","https://openalex.org/W2131404146","https://openalex.org/W2143426262","https://openalex.org/W2150732896","https://openalex.org/W2330917479","https://openalex.org/W2493730687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542423672","https://openalex.org/W2586464722","https://openalex.org/W2509126808","https://openalex.org/W2327931489","https://openalex.org/W2323241941","https://openalex.org/W1989380782","https://openalex.org/W2284087338","https://openalex.org/W4246123222","https://openalex.org/W7220868051","https://openalex.org/W1869929318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Countries":[1],"across":[2,335],"Europe":[3,264,336],"have":[4,150,176],"introduced":[5],"a":[6,21,50,277],"wide":[7],"variety":[8],"of":[9,18,107,125,221,285,296,303,327],"policies":[10,62,262],"to":[11,27,41,209,293,332,337],"improve":[12],"nutrition.":[13],"However,":[14,170,322],"the":[15,68,108,219,283,301,320,339],"sheer":[16],"diversity":[17],"interventions":[19,246],"represents":[20],"potentially":[22,275,341],"bewildering":[23],"smorgasbord.":[24],"We":[25,48,93],"aimed":[26],"map":[28],"existing":[29],"public":[30,51,98],"health":[31,52,86,99,260],"nutrition":[32,53,61,100,119,197,261,346],"policies,":[33],"and":[34,65,88,103,117,132,148,174,183,188,201,230,242,244,269,279,299,306,318,344],"examine":[35],"their":[36,112],"perceived":[37],"effectiveness,":[38],"in":[39,142,228,263,290],"order":[40],"inform":[42],"future":[43],"evidence-based":[44],"diet":[45],"strategies.":[46,120],"METHODS:":[47],"created":[49],"policy":[54,101],"database":[55],"for":[56],"30":[57,109],"European":[58,286],"countries.":[59],"National":[60],"were":[63,224],"classified":[64],"assigned":[66],"using":[67],"marketing":[69,208],"\"4":[70,272],"Ps\"":[71,273],"approach":[72],"Product":[73,122],"(reformulation,":[74],"elimination,":[75],"new":[76],"healthier":[77],"products);":[78],"Price":[79,155],"(taxes,":[80],"subsidies);":[81],"Promotion":[82,194],"(advertising,":[83],"food":[84,298,305],"labelling,":[85,199],"education)":[87],"Place":[89,216],"(schools,":[90],"workplaces,":[91],"etc.).":[92],"interviewed":[94],"71":[95],"senior":[96],"policy-makers,":[97],"experts":[102],"academics":[104],"from":[105],"14":[106],"countries,":[110],"eliciting":[111],"views":[113],"on":[114,180,207],"diverse":[115],"current":[116],"possible":[118],"RESULTS:":[121],"Voluntary":[123],"reformulation":[124,237],"foods":[126,182,223],"is":[127],"widespread":[128,212],"but":[129,164,213,253],"has":[130],"variable":[131,166],"often":[133],"modest":[134],"impact.":[135],"Twelve":[136],"countries":[137,287,310,324],"regulate":[138],"maximum":[139],"salt":[140],"content":[141],"specific":[143],"foods.":[144],"Denmark,":[145,315],"Austria,":[146],"Iceland":[147],"Switzerland":[149],"effective":[151,239,249],"trans":[152],"fats":[153],"bans.":[154],"EU":[156],"School":[157],"Fruit":[158],"Scheme":[159],"subsidies":[160],"are":[161,168,204,211,288],"almost":[162],"universal,":[163],"with":[165],"implementation.Taxes":[167],"uncommon.":[169],"Finland,":[171,186,312],"France,":[172],"Hungary":[173,187],"Latvia":[175],"implemented":[177],"'sugar":[178],"taxes'":[179],"sugary":[181,307],"sugar-sweetened":[184],"beverages.":[185],"Portugal":[189,317],"also":[190,254],"tax":[191],"salty":[192],"products.":[193],"Dialogue,":[195],"recommendations,":[196],"guidelines,":[198],"information":[200,251],"education":[202],"campaigns":[203],"widespread.":[205],"Restrictions":[206],"children":[210],"mostly":[214],"voluntary.":[215],"Interventions":[217],"reducing":[218],"availability":[220],"unhealthy":[222],"most":[225,340],"commonly":[226],"found":[227],"schools":[229],"workplace":[231],"canteens.":[232],"Interviewees":[233],"generally":[234],"considered":[235],"mandatory":[236],"more":[238,248,256],"than":[240,250],"voluntary,":[241],"regulation":[243],"fiscal":[245,343],"much":[247],"strategies,":[252],"politically":[255],"challenging.":[257],"CONCLUSIONS:":[258],"Public":[259],"appear":[265],"diverse,":[266],"dynamic,":[267],"complex":[268],"bewildering.":[270],"The":[271],"framework":[274],"offers":[276],"structured":[278],"comprehensive":[280],"categorisation.":[281],"Encouragingly,":[282],"majority":[284],"engaged":[289],"activities":[291],"intended":[292],"increase":[294],"consumption":[295],"healthy":[297],"decrease":[300],"intake":[302],"\"junk\"":[304],"drinks.":[308],"Leading":[309],"include":[311],"Norway,":[313],"Iceland,":[314],"Hungary,":[316],"perhaps":[319],"UK.":[321],"all":[323],"fall":[325],"short":[326],"optimal":[328],"activities.":[329],"More":[330],"needs":[331],"be":[333],"done":[334],"implement":[338],"powerful":[342],"regulatory":[345],"policies.":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}