{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993887733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/smim.2000.0232","title":"Self-tolerance: context dependent tuning of T cell antigen recognition","display_name":"Self-tolerance: context dependent tuning of T cell antigen recognition","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993887733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/smim.2000.0232","mag":"1993887733","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10910740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1006/smim.2000.0232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/smim.2000.0232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/smim.2000.0232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161731549","display_name":"Seminars in Immunology","issn_l":"1044-5323","issn":["1044-5323","1096-3618"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042367370","display_name":"Zvi Grossman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0496-2816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0496-2816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48057805","display_name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia","ror":"https://ror.org/04b08hq31","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252639","https://openalex.org/I48057805"]}],"countries":["IL","PT","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zvi Grossman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. lcgross@ccsg.tau.ac.il","Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel","Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. lcgross@ccsg.tau.ac.il","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48057805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110180932","display_name":"William E. Paul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042367370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I4210134534","https://openalex.org/I48057805"],"apc_list":{"value":4370,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4370},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88114806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"197","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-tolerance","display_name":"self-tolerance","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-antigen-recognition","display_name":"T cell antigen recognition","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoreactivity","display_name":"autoreactivity","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-selection","display_name":"T cell selection","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-perturbation","display_name":"metabolic perturbation","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-activation","display_name":"T cell activation","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-regulation","display_name":"immune regulation","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoantigens","display_name":"autoantigens","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-response-dynamics","display_name":"immune response dynamics","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6693116426467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6090360283851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5787390470504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5731449127197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.531548261642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.528221607208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4909089207649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4736253619194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7386963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954859","display_name":"Negative selection","level":4,"score":0.45477861166000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.4285084903240204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4155738651752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909320318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356761","display_name":"Self Tolerance","level":4,"score":0.4129719138145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.165111243724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1277850866317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09859609603881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000941","descriptor_name":"Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007108","descriptor_name":"Immune Tolerance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008213","descriptor_name":"Lymphocyte Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013950","descriptor_name":"Thymus Gland","qualifier_ui":"Q000196","qualifier_name":"embryology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013950","descriptor_name":"Thymus Gland","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015551","descriptor_name":"Autoimmunity","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017634","descriptor_name":"Self Tolerance","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017637","descriptor_name":"Clonal Deletion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1006/smim.2000.0232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/smim.2000.0232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/smim.2000.0232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161731549","display_name":"Seminars in Immunology","issn_l":"1044-5323","issn":["1044-5323","1096-3618"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10910740","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10910740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150796934","https://openalex.org/W569637824","https://openalex.org/W632353668","https://openalex.org/W1496736190","https://openalex.org/W1660737759","https://openalex.org/W1928023962","https://openalex.org/W1969958391","https://openalex.org/W1981932944","https://openalex.org/W1982347860","https://openalex.org/W1995687337","https://openalex.org/W2003717645","https://openalex.org/W2014151974","https://openalex.org/W2025465431","https://openalex.org/W2025783409","https://openalex.org/W2041226315","https://openalex.org/W2046749316","https://openalex.org/W2055782835","https://openalex.org/W2068888843","https://openalex.org/W2093282819","https://openalex.org/W2105130781","https://openalex.org/W2114737175","https://openalex.org/W2126849581","https://openalex.org/W2127680110","https://openalex.org/W2142441544","https://openalex.org/W2162543584","https://openalex.org/W2171326835","https://openalex.org/W2470458376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026501453","https://openalex.org/W2168031871","https://openalex.org/W2187784546","https://openalex.org/W2080789248","https://openalex.org/W2040796557","https://openalex.org/W2124096267","https://openalex.org/W2032114606","https://openalex.org/W4214743324","https://openalex.org/W7098196925","https://openalex.org/W315422117"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}