{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993572236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120120063269","title":"Cost-effectiveness of prevention referrals for high-risk HIV-negatives in San Francisco","display_name":"Cost-effectiveness of prevention referrals for high-risk HIV-negatives in San Francisco","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993572236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120120063269","mag":"1993572236","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11571010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540120120063269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120120063269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120120063269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103377564","display_name":"AIDS Care","issn_l":"0954-0121","issn":["0954-0121","1360-0451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108409546","display_name":"K. S. Heumann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. S. Heumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Formerly with the Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Formerly with the Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089989450","display_name":"Rani Marx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0889-2149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0889-2149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100173","display_name":"San Francisco Department of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/017ztfb41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Marx","raw_affiliation_strings":["b San Francisco Department of Public Health , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b San Francisco Department of Public Health , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090052615","display_name":"Sean J. Lawrence","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. J. Lawrence","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Formerly with the Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Formerly with the Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010815750","display_name":"D. L. Stump","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. L. Stump","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Formerly with the Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Formerly with the Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089536554","display_name":"Deidra Carroll","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. P. Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Formerly with the Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Formerly with the Goldman School of Public Policy , University of California , Berkeley , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070516094","display_name":"Anne M. Hirozawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100173","display_name":"San Francisco Department of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/017ztfb41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. M. Hirozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["b San Francisco Department of Public Health , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b San Francisco Department of Public Health , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111520915","display_name":"Mitchell H. Katz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100173","display_name":"San Francisco Department of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/017ztfb41","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. H. Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["b San Francisco Department of Public Health , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b San Francisco Department of Public Health , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100173"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052308665","display_name":"James G. Kahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-7233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-7233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261371","display_name":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0570qwq18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4405261371"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. G. Kahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["c Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, AIDS Research Institute and Institute for Health Policy Studies , University of California , San Francisco , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, AIDS Research Institute and Institute for Health Policy Studies , University of California , San Francisco , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4405261371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11742617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"637","last_page":"642"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-testing-sites","display_name":"HIV testing sites","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention-services","display_name":"HIV prevention services","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6996660232543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.6456908583641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.579703688621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019080777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754768","display_name":"Cost effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.5675841569900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.560488760471344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4813738167285919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992699665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337517","display_name":"Hiv test","level":5,"score":0.4516616463661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4439980387687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.42470884323120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.41677695512771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.18757829070091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.13133779168128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.12605223059654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775949068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4260475","display_name":"Health facility","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011314","descriptor_name":"Preventive Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012017","descriptor_name":"Referral and Consultation","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012309","descriptor_name":"Risk-Taking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012495","descriptor_name":"San Francisco","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016485","descriptor_name":"Needle Sharing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018023","descriptor_name":"HIV Seronegativity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019037","descriptor_name":"Urban Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540120120063269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120120063269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120120063269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103377564","display_name":"AIDS Care","issn_l":"0954-0121","issn":["0954-0121","1360-0451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11571010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11571010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS care","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2726465852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA-09531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3703892676","display_name":"PUBLIC HLTH IMPACT AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF HIV INTERV","funder_award_id":"7r01da009531-06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337380","display_name":"Division of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051fftw81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171013103","https://openalex.org/W187599809","https://openalex.org/W2021402216","https://openalex.org/W3098074305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W200522803","https://openalex.org/W4315478989","https://openalex.org/W6999590037","https://openalex.org/W1988949750","https://openalex.org/W1546419520","https://openalex.org/W187599809","https://openalex.org/W2062147730","https://openalex.org/W1598657261","https://openalex.org/W2619394353","https://openalex.org/W7095197361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,19,87,122],"retrospectively":[1],"assessed":[2,41],"the":[3,21,26,31,56,73,114],"cost-effectiveness":[4,141],"of":[5,28,35,58,68,83,108,116],"providing":[6,125],"prevention":[7,53,127],"referrals":[8,128],"to":[9,50,79,106,113,129,144],"high-risk":[10,70,85,130,147],"seronegatives":[11,71,131],"at":[12],"HIV":[13,98,119,126],"test":[14],"sites":[15],"in":[16,93],"San":[17,32,94],"Francisco.":[18],"examined":[20],"costs":[22],"and":[23,30,47,55,72,76,102],"effects":[24],"from":[25,65],"perspectives":[27],"society":[29,107],"Francisco":[33,95],"Department":[34],"Public":[36],"Health":[37],"(SFDPH).":[38],"Cost":[39],"categories":[40],"included":[42],"referral":[43],"materials,":[44],"counsellor":[45],"training":[46],"time":[48],"required":[49],"make":[51],"referrals,":[52],"services":[54],"value":[57],"client":[59],"time.":[60],"Effect":[61],"data":[62],"are":[63,77],"drawn":[64],"a":[66,80,90,111,145],"study":[67],"289":[69],"published":[74],"literature,":[75],"applied":[78,143],"city-wide":[81,91],"caseload":[82],"6,626":[84],"seronegatives.":[86],"estimate":[88],"that":[89,124],"programme":[92],"averts":[96],"two":[97],"infections":[99],"per":[100,118],"year":[101],"yields":[103],"net":[104],"savings":[105],"$43,765,":[109],"with":[110],"cost":[112],"SFDPH":[115],"$20,738":[117],"infection":[120],"averted.":[121],"conclude":[123],"receiving":[132],"antibody":[133],"testing":[134],"imposes":[135],"significant":[136],"costs,":[137],"but":[138],"has":[139],"attractive":[140],"when":[142],"large":[146],"population.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}