{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993569874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.554486","title":"Proposal for a 94-GHz phase-reversal optical modulator using a loaded transmission line","display_name":"Proposal for a 94-GHz phase-reversal optical modulator using a loaded transmission line","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993569874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.554486","mag":"1993569874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/68.554486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.554486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.554486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27723657","display_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","issn_l":"1041-1135","issn":["1041-1135","1941-0174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113553002","display_name":"C.D. Watson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.D. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101571993","display_name":"M.G.F. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-0253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-0253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.G.F. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13132296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"52","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-modulators","display_name":"optical modulators","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-reversal","display_name":"phase reversal","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loaded-transmission-lines","display_name":"loaded transmission lines","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ti-linbo3","display_name":"Ti:LiNbO3","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-matching","display_name":"phase matching","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/94-ghz","display_name":"94 GHz","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-switching","display_name":"on-off switching","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.6067917943000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6057935953140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5664387345314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.530741274356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5141456723213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.47537532448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90327742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396","display_name":"Insertion loss","level":2,"score":0.46432560682296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.46390506625175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4613649249076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.44979336857795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4343598484992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3849692940711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2926071584224701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2864079475402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22441065311431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1976909041404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19155248999595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/68.554486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.554486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.554486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27723657","display_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","issn_l":"1041-1135","issn":["1041-1135","1941-0174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995960552","https://openalex.org/W1998657034","https://openalex.org/W2010637762","https://openalex.org/W2065306964","https://openalex.org/W2089000283","https://openalex.org/W2108367627","https://openalex.org/W2120437405","https://openalex.org/W2314741081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995960552","https://openalex.org/W2086339214","https://openalex.org/W7061007424","https://openalex.org/W2081077670","https://openalex.org/W4321141598","https://openalex.org/W2084819431","https://openalex.org/W1980623921","https://openalex.org/W2033411579","https://openalex.org/W2089602586","https://openalex.org/W2153427972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,10,24],"the":[2,8,22,29],"most":[3],"important":[4],"problems":[5],"associated":[6,27],"with":[7,28,60],"design":[9,38],"external":[11],"travelling":[12],"wave":[13],"optical":[14,44],"modulators":[15],"operating":[16],"at":[17,50,82],"very":[18],"high":[19],"frequency":[20],"is":[21,46],"reduction":[23],"microwave":[25],"loss":[26],"electrode":[30],"structure.":[31],"With":[32],"this":[33],"in":[34],"view,":[35],"a":[36,40,55,73],"new":[37],"for":[39,48,78],"Ti:LiNbO/sub":[41],"3/":[42],"narrow-band":[43],"modulator":[45],"proposed":[47],"operation":[49],"94":[51,83],"GHz.":[52,84],"It":[53],"uses":[54,64],"low-loss":[56],"loaded":[57],"transmission":[58],"line":[59],"dielectric":[61],"overlay":[62],"and":[63],"phase-reversals":[65],"to":[66],"achieve":[67],"phase":[68],"matching.":[69],"Numerical":[70],"simulations":[71],"predict":[72],"required":[74],"21-dBm":[75],"drive":[76],"power":[77],"full":[79],"on-off":[80],"switching":[81]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
