{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993560189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.10","title":"Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Is the Core of the Disorder","display_name":"Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Is the Core of the Disorder","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993560189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.10","mag":"1993560189","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11253953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162238896","display_name":"Critical Reviews in Neurobiology","issn_l":"0892-0915","issn":["0892-0915","2375-0014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315730","host_organization_name":"Begell House","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Begell House"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Reviews\u2122 in Neurobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019489674","display_name":"Brita Elvev\u00e5g","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0441-3729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0441-3729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brita Elvevag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4S235, Bethesda, MD 20892"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4S235, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068879555","display_name":"Terry E. Goldberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-7247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-7247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802104953","display_name":"St. Elizabeths Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/022w03s59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802104953","https://openalex.org/I4210099492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry E. Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Brain Disorders Branch Neurosciences Center at St. Elizabeths Washington, DC 20032; and National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4S235, Bethesda, MD 20892","Clinical Brain Disorders Branch Neurosciences Center at St. Elizabeths Washington, DC 20032","National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4S235, Bethesda, MD 20892"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Brain Disorders Branch Neurosciences Center at St. Elizabeths Washington, DC 20032; and National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4S235, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Brain Disorders Branch Neurosciences Center at St. Elizabeths Washington, DC 20032","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802104953"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4S235, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":837,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95258794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"21","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficits","display_name":"attention deficits","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-symptoms","display_name":"core symptoms","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-validity","display_name":"diagnostic validity","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-effects","display_name":"antipsychotic effects","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucinations-and-delusions","display_name":"delusions and hallucinations","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-thought-disorder","display_name":"formal thought disorder","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.7611942291259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.7382038235664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6655245423316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780749935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive deficit","level":4,"score":0.568730890750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.43155238032341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776313836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188698","display_name":"Thought disorder","level":3,"score":0.4305275082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4259939193725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3759433925151825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.36952924728393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34190475940704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.27280521392822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2347002923488617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162238896","display_name":"Critical Reviews in Neurobiology","issn_l":"0892-0915","issn":["0892-0915","2375-0014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315730","host_organization_name":"Begell House","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Begell House"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Reviews\u2122 in Neurobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11253953","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11253953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical reviews in neurobiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1715498265","https://openalex.org/W7217715158","https://openalex.org/W1725729323","https://openalex.org/W2101467875","https://openalex.org/W1952002221","https://openalex.org/W66713658","https://openalex.org/W2153099860","https://openalex.org/W2043497081","https://openalex.org/W2741105648","https://openalex.org/W2103874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Patients":[0],"with":[1,206],"schizophrenia":[2,107,177],"exhibit":[3],"an":[4],"exceedingly":[5],"wide":[6],"range":[7],"of":[8,13,77,85,98,160,175,190,209,212,228],"symptoms":[9,112],"from":[10],"a":[11,74,125],"variety":[12],"domains.":[14],"The":[15],"cardinal":[16],"features":[17,97,174],"are":[18,94,172,181,185,201,223],"abnormal":[19,24],"ideas":[20],"(such":[21,26,45],"as":[22,27,46],"delusions);":[23],"perceptions":[25],"hallucinations);":[28],"formal":[29],"thought":[30],"disorder":[31,67],"(as":[32],"evidenced":[33],"by":[34,73,111],"disorganized":[35],"speech);":[36],"motor,":[37],"volitional,":[38],"and":[39,42,56,120,155,184,199],"behavioral":[40],"disorders;":[41],"emotional":[43],"disorders":[44],"affective":[47],"flattening":[48],"or":[49,113],"inappropriateness).":[50],"In":[51,101,164],"addition":[52],"to":[53,69,157,188],"these":[54,161,220],"diverse,":[55],"sometimes":[57],"bizarre":[58],"symptoms,":[59],"it":[60],"has":[61],"become":[62],"increasingly":[63],"apparent":[64],"that":[65,130,168,179,196,217],"the":[66,83,87,95,99,118,139,148,176,191,225,229],"is,":[68],"variable":[70],"degrees,":[71],"accompanied":[72],"broad":[75],"spectrum":[76],"cognitive":[78,88,114,127,140,162,170,221],"impairments.":[79,163],"This":[80],"review":[81],"addresses":[82],"question":[84],"whether":[86,106,122],"deficits":[89,115,141,171],"seen":[90],"in":[91,133,146,204,219,231],"schizophrenic":[92],"patients":[93,205],"core":[96,227],"disorder.":[100],"other":[102],"words,":[103],"we":[104,136,144,166,215],"explore":[105],"is":[108,124],"best":[109],"characterized":[110],"(we":[116],"suggest":[117],"latter)":[119],"moreover,":[121],"there":[123],"specific":[126,187],"deficit":[128],"profile":[129],"may":[131],"assist":[132],"diagnosis.":[134],"First,":[135],"discuss":[137],"what":[138],"are.":[142],"Then":[143],"address":[145],"turn":[147],"reality,":[149],"frequency,":[150],"predictive":[151],"validity,":[152],"specificity,":[153],"course":[154],"susceptibility":[156],"neuroleptic":[158],"effects":[159],"brief,":[165],"argue":[167],"various":[169],"enduring":[173],"illness,":[178,192],"they":[180],"not":[182,186],"state-related":[183],"subtypes":[189],"and,":[193],"more":[194],"specifically,":[195],"working":[197],"memory":[198],"attention":[200],"characteristically":[202],"impaired":[203],"schizophrenia,":[207],"irrespective":[208],"their":[210],"level":[211],"intelligence.":[213],"Last,":[214],"conclude":[216],"problems":[218],"domains":[222],"at":[224],"very":[226],"dysfunction":[230],"this":[232],"disease.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":53}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}