{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993500540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091880304","title":"An improved perfusion fixation method for the testis","display_name":"An improved perfusion fixation method for the testis","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993500540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091880304","mag":"1993500540","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/332010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ar.1091880304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091880304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091880304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187571","display_name":"The Anatomical Record","issn_l":"0003-276X","issn":["0003-276X","1097-0185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Anatomical Record","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108460577","display_name":"Wolf\u2010Georg Forssmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. G. Forssmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, University of Heidelberg, D 6900, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, University of Heidelberg, D 6900, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801983","display_name":"Susumu Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-1807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-1807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083679881","display_name":"Eberhard Weihe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Weihe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, University of Heidelberg, D 6900, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, University of Heidelberg, D 6900, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111784078","display_name":"Agust\ufffdn Aoki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Aoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, University of Heidelberg, D 6900, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, University of Heidelberg, D 6900, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113550498","display_name":"Martin Dym","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Dym","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109172811","display_name":"Don Wayne Fawcett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. W. Fawcett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4020,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4020},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.4097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":324,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99728924,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"188","issue":"3","first_page":"307","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.5878999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.5878999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14134","display_name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","score":0.34860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13100","display_name":"Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testis","display_name":"testis","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfusion-fixation","display_name":"perfusion fixation","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-perfusion","display_name":"vascular perfusion","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasodilators","display_name":"vasodilators","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticoagulants","display_name":"anticoagulants","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/picric-acid","display_name":"picric acid","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-preservation","display_name":"tissue preservation","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-genital-tract","display_name":"male genital tract","score":0.8299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780848204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3127040","display_name":"Fixative","level":3,"score":0.8647663593292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777529624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416475","display_name":"Glutaraldehyde","level":2,"score":0.8200795650482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146957229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266915","display_name":"Perfusion","level":2,"score":0.7245262861251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5986570715904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4367367625236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.4365793466567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781352634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189298","display_name":"Picric acid","level":2,"score":0.4160793423652649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3718632459640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23073384165763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.22807589173316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22349011898040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005404","descriptor_name":"Fixatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005404","descriptor_name":"Fixatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005404","descriptor_name":"Fixatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006652","descriptor_name":"Histological Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006652","descriptor_name":"Histological Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006652","descriptor_name":"Histological Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009926","descriptor_name":"Organ Preservation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009926","descriptor_name":"Organ Preservation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009926","descriptor_name":"Organ Preservation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012039","descriptor_name":"Regional Blood Flow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012039","descriptor_name":"Regional Blood Flow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012039","descriptor_name":"Regional Blood Flow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012589","descriptor_name":"Sciuridae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012589","descriptor_name":"Sciuridae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012589","descriptor_name":"Sciuridae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012788","descriptor_name":"Shrews","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012788","descriptor_name":"Shrews","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012788","descriptor_name":"Shrews","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013737","descriptor_name":"Testis","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013737","descriptor_name":"Testis","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013737","descriptor_name":"Testis","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013737","descriptor_name":"Testis","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013737","descriptor_name":"Testis","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013737","descriptor_name":"Testis","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ar.1091880304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091880304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091880304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187571","display_name":"The Anatomical Record","issn_l":"0003-276X","issn":["0003-276X","1097-0185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Anatomical Record","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:332010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/332010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Anatomical record","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47625804","https://openalex.org/W328213939","https://openalex.org/W1973789030","https://openalex.org/W2014620707","https://openalex.org/W2019126938","https://openalex.org/W2026937859","https://openalex.org/W2029375622","https://openalex.org/W2042562219","https://openalex.org/W2058507495","https://openalex.org/W2127911529","https://openalex.org/W2159767976","https://openalex.org/W2343182587","https://openalex.org/W3117416719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980673945","https://openalex.org/W2126970781","https://openalex.org/W2058530262","https://openalex.org/W4256439851","https://openalex.org/W2024203831","https://openalex.org/W2048282691","https://openalex.org/W4254583063","https://openalex.org/W1987737713","https://openalex.org/W2266128548","https://openalex.org/W2046625045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"reliable":[1],"and":[2,23,43,78,95,98,101],"uniform":[3],"vascular":[4,67],"perfusion":[5,77],"fixation":[6,32],"method":[7,56,84],"for":[8,74],"the":[9,62,66,70,91],"testis":[10],"has":[11],"been":[12],"developed":[13],"by":[14,29],"using":[15],"an":[16,24],"initial":[17],"washout":[18],"solution":[19,39,51],"containing":[20,52],"a":[21,30,34,45],"vasodilator":[22],"anticoagulant.":[25],"This":[26],"is":[27],"followed":[28],"brief":[31],"with":[33],"sodium":[35],"phosphate":[36],"buffered":[37],"formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde":[38],"of":[40,61,65,69,82,90],"conventional":[41],"strenght,":[42],"then":[44],"second":[46],"more":[47],"concentrated":[48],"aldehyde":[49],"fixative":[50],"picric":[53],"acid.":[54],"The":[55,80],"takes":[57],"into":[58],"account":[59],"some":[60],"unique":[63],"features":[64],"supply":[68],"male":[71],"genital":[72],"tract":[73],"its":[75],"favorable":[76,88],"fixation.":[79],"advantages":[81],"this":[83],"are:":[85],"(1)":[86],"consistently":[87],"preservation":[89],"testis;":[92],"(2)":[93],"simple":[94],"inexpensive":[96],"apparatus;":[97],"(3)":[99],"stable":[100],"relatively":[102],"innocuous":[103],"stock":[104],"solutions.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}