{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993374446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230150103","title":"Civil service and democracy: Questions in reforming the civil service in eastern and central Europe","display_name":"Civil service and democracy: Questions in reforming the civil service in eastern and central Europe","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993374446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230150103","mag":"1993374446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pad.4230150103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230150103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230150103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189395249","display_name":"Public Administration and Development","issn_l":"0271-2075","issn":["0271-2075","1099-162X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Administration and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113126102","display_name":"F. F. Ridley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. F. Ridley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Liverpool#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Liverpool#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113126102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":{"value":3010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2494,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85597083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.042100001126527786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13459","display_name":"Public Administration and Political Analysis","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-service-reform","display_name":"civil service reform","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service-reform","display_name":"public service reform","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-transfer","display_name":"institutional transfer","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizens-charter","display_name":"citizen charter","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-communist-transition","display_name":"post-communist transition","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-and-eastern-europe","display_name":"Central and Eastern Europe","score":0.7519999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.6999059915542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6610013842582703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.5848578214645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727002","display_name":"Charter","level":2,"score":0.5831099152565002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.568344235420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.5074538588523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4854017198085785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.44790974259376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.42044156789779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34434160590171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29359573125839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26942169666290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.18290463089942932}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pad.4230150103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230150103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230150103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189395249","display_name":"Public Administration and Development","issn_l":"0271-2075","issn":["0271-2075","1099-162X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Administration and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603614948","https://openalex.org/W2964026615","https://openalex.org/W562866735","https://openalex.org/W4391355841","https://openalex.org/W1847908190","https://openalex.org/W125146114","https://openalex.org/W4250919333","https://openalex.org/W4391371819","https://openalex.org/W6986706517","https://openalex.org/W2054890779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,138],"debate":[2],"over":[3],"public":[4],"service":[5,40,55,67],"reform":[6,41],"is":[7,106,121],"taking":[8],"place":[9,51],"at":[10],"a":[11,72,76,124,128],"time":[12],"of":[13,26,52,63,131,152],"flux":[14],"when":[15],"old":[16],"models":[17,47],"are":[18],"being":[19],"challenged":[20],"everywhere.":[21],"This":[22,104],"article":[23,139],"discusses":[24],"issues":[25],"institutional":[27],"transfer,":[28],"as":[29,123],"between":[30,75,100],"western":[31],"and":[32,34,42,60,90,102,149,157],"east":[33,156],"central":[35,158],"Europe,":[36,159],"relative":[37],"to":[38,48,81],"civil":[39,54,66],"democratisation.":[43],"It":[44,69],"presents":[45],"several":[46],"describe":[49],"the":[50,53,57,61,113,119,143],"in":[56,108,145,155],"democratic":[58],"state":[59],"implications":[62],"each":[64,160],"for":[65,71,117,163,168],"organisation.":[68],"argues":[70],"better":[73],"balance":[74],"legal":[77],"approach,":[78],"which":[79,92],"tends":[80],"dominate":[82],"advice":[83],"coming":[84],"from":[85],"some":[86],"continental":[87],"European":[88],"countries,":[89],"one":[91],"emphasises":[93],"\u2018good\u2019":[94],"rather":[95,126,170],"than":[96,127,171],"just":[97],"\u2018correct\u2019":[98],"relations":[99],"administration":[101],"citizens.":[103],"distinction":[105],"fundamental":[107],"so":[109],"far":[110],"as,":[111],"under":[112],"UK":[114],"Citizens":[115],"Charter":[116],"example,":[118],"citizen":[120],"seen":[122],"\u2018customer\u2019":[125],"mere":[129],"\u2018user\u2019":[130],"services":[132],"he":[133],"has":[134],"no":[135],"influence":[136],"over.":[137],"concludes":[140],"that,":[141],"given":[142],"differences":[144],"culture,":[146],"political":[147],"climate":[148],"economic":[150],"situation":[151],"\u2018recipient\u2019":[153],"countries":[154],"must":[161],"search":[162],"its":[164],"own":[165],"reforms,":[166],"looking":[167],"questions":[169],"answers.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
