{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993373554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/014","title":"Optically driven nanotube actuators","display_name":"Optically driven nanotube actuators","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993373554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/014","mag":"1993373554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206811868","display_name":"Nanotechnology","issn_l":"0957-4484","issn":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109631453","display_name":"Shaoxin Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoxin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delaware MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delaware MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045373249","display_name":"Balaji Panchapakesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-3602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-3602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balaji Panchapakesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delaware MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delaware MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94141083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"2548","last_page":"2554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.5497999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.5497999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.43479999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-walled-carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"single-walled carbon nanotubes","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotube-polymer-composites","display_name":"carbon nanotube-polymer composites","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acrylic-elastomer","display_name":"acrylic elastomer","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-induced-actuation","display_name":"light-induced actuation","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-strain","display_name":"elastic strain","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrostatic-actuation","display_name":"electrostatic actuation","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-actuation","display_name":"thermal actuation","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-manipulation","display_name":"object manipulation","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-muscles","display_name":"artificial muscles","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-actuation","display_name":"remote actuation","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.913034200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7989073395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.6888229846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777619693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539430","display_name":"Nanotube","level":3,"score":0.5970956683158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.5418563485145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.504623532295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196628372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801090","display_name":"Artificial muscle","level":3,"score":0.469326913356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.46432676911354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.4321832060813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.41788846254348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3829602897167206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3295052945613861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06321641802787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206811868","display_name":"Nanotechnology","issn_l":"0957-4484","issn":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617627058","https://openalex.org/W1524224754","https://openalex.org/W1545301666","https://openalex.org/W1964039450","https://openalex.org/W1970694970","https://openalex.org/W1972389791","https://openalex.org/W1987364586","https://openalex.org/W1989970940","https://openalex.org/W1990633676","https://openalex.org/W1991426460","https://openalex.org/W1996020875","https://openalex.org/W1997176173","https://openalex.org/W2001133164","https://openalex.org/W2005980434","https://openalex.org/W2007199461","https://openalex.org/W2017155641","https://openalex.org/W2018858346","https://openalex.org/W2025767839","https://openalex.org/W2031242701","https://openalex.org/W2039779049","https://openalex.org/W2043663723","https://openalex.org/W2048688681","https://openalex.org/W2049961345","https://openalex.org/W2050706174","https://openalex.org/W2065953433","https://openalex.org/W2080095237","https://openalex.org/W2086450708","https://openalex.org/W2089948265","https://openalex.org/W2107965694","https://openalex.org/W2110331117","https://openalex.org/W2116712889","https://openalex.org/W2119715237","https://openalex.org/W2122231705","https://openalex.org/W2142501561","https://openalex.org/W2159861938","https://openalex.org/W2170116274","https://openalex.org/W2567899259","https://openalex.org/W4255817198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098404026","https://openalex.org/W2182415740","https://openalex.org/W2119715237","https://openalex.org/W2982280894","https://openalex.org/W1981720043","https://openalex.org/W2090954002","https://openalex.org/W2044643776","https://openalex.org/W2798118590","https://openalex.org/W2032569288","https://openalex.org/W2488744965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optically":[0],"driven":[1],"actuators":[2,17,25],"have":[3,43],"been":[4,44],"fabricated":[5],"from":[6],"single-wall":[7],"carbon":[8],"nanotube\u2013polymer":[9],"composite":[10],"sheets.":[11],"Like":[12],"natural":[13,51],"muscles,":[14],"the":[15,102,107],"millimetre-scale":[16],"are":[18],"assemblies":[19],"of":[20,22,77,93,101,109],"millions":[21],"individual":[23],"nanotube":[24,86],"processed":[26],"into":[27],"macroscopic":[28],"length":[29],"scales":[30],"and":[31,53,70],"bonded":[32],"to":[33,38,46,68,90],"an":[34,40],"acrylic":[35],"elastomer":[36],"sheet":[37],"form":[39],"actuator":[41],"that":[42],"shown":[45],"generate":[47],"higher":[48,54],"stress":[49],"than":[50,56],"muscles":[52],"strains":[55],"high-modulus":[57],"piezoelectric":[58],"materials.":[59],"Strain":[60],"measurements":[61],"revealed":[62],"0.01%\u20130.3%":[63],"elastic":[64],"strain":[65],"generated":[66],"due":[67],"electrostatic":[69],"thermal":[71],"effects":[72],"under":[73],"visible":[74],"light":[75],"intensities":[76],"5\u2013120":[78],"mW":[79],"cm":[80],"\u22122":[81],".":[82],"An":[83],"optically":[84],"actuated":[85],"gripper":[87],"is":[88],"demonstrated":[89],"show":[91],"manipulation":[92],"small":[94],"objects.":[95],"This":[96],"actuation":[97,123],"technology":[98],"overcomes":[99],"some":[100],"fundamental":[103],"limitations":[104],"such":[105],"as":[106],"use":[108],"high":[110],"voltages":[111],"or":[112],"electrochemical":[113],"solutions":[114],"for":[115,120],"actuation,":[116],"opening":[117],"up":[118],"possibilities":[119],"remote":[121],"light-induced":[122],"technologies.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}