{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993329697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14452/mr-050-03-1998-07_3","title":"Liebig, Marx and the Depletion of Soil Fertility: Relevance for Today's Agriculture","display_name":"Liebig, Marx and the Depletion of Soil Fertility: Relevance for Today's Agriculture","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993329697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14452/mr-050-03-1998-07_3","mag":"1993329697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14452/mr-050-03-1998-07_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14452/mr-050-03-1998-07_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14452/mr-050-03-1998-07_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141988568","display_name":"Monthly Review","issn_l":"0027-0520","issn":["0027-0520"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323238076","host_organization_name":"Monthly Review Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323238076"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Monthly Review Foundation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041991032","display_name":"John Bellamy Foster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7418-3004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7418-3004"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Bellamy Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113598304","display_name":"Fred R. Magdoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred Magdoff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97949183,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"3","first_page":"32","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11743","display_name":"Political Economy and Marxism","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11743","display_name":"Political Economy and Marxism","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11862","display_name":"Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development","score":0.057999998331069946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justus-von-liebig","display_name":"Justus von Liebig","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karl-marx","display_name":"Karl Marx","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility-decline","display_name":"soil fertility decline","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nutrient-loss","display_name":"soil nutrient loss","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-fertilizers","display_name":"natural fertilizers","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-fertilizers","display_name":"mineral fertilizers","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"soil science","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-agriculture","display_name":"sustainable agriculture","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century-agriculture","display_name":"19th-century agriculture","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157655426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170185","display_name":"Guano","level":2,"score":0.7306271195411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8966009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113866","display_name":"Overpopulation","level":3,"score":0.6913959980010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5860407948493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38774213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080","display_name":"Soil fertility","level":3,"score":0.5466537475585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.46142297983169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.45997026562690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.446365088224411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.43577325344085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.41039371490478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3353317379951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3238266110420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.32225120067596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31138843297958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28543204069137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2652088403701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.25171273946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2251664102077484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.178938627243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.13274931907653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09614193439483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.08835962414741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14452/mr-050-03-1998-07_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14452/mr-050-03-1998-07_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14452/mr-050-03-1998-07_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141988568","display_name":"Monthly Review","issn_l":"0027-0520","issn":["0027-0520"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323238076","host_organization_name":"Monthly Review Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323238076"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Monthly Review Foundation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"},{"score":0.5365999937057495,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100449629","https://openalex.org/W2013411823","https://openalex.org/W3194635663","https://openalex.org/W4411035372","https://openalex.org/W2150345390","https://openalex.org/W2565840090","https://openalex.org/W2073192916","https://openalex.org/W2564731703","https://openalex.org/W4241567221","https://openalex.org/W3192099577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,4,7,11,14,20,38,42,46,49,57,65,70,76,83,89,98,101,113,135],"period":[2,55],"1830-1870":[3],"depletion":[5],"of":[6,10,16,24,40,45,52,59,72,79,85,91,100,131],"natural":[8,68],"fertility":[9],"soil":[12,17,74],"through":[13],"loss":[15,39],"nutrients":[18],"was":[19],"central":[21],"ecological":[22],"concern":[23],"capitalist":[25],"society":[26],"in":[27,123],"both":[28],"Europe":[29],"and":[30,48,82,105],"North":[31],"America":[32],"(only":[33],"comparable":[34],"to":[35,126],"concerns":[36],"over":[37],"forests,":[41],"growing":[43],"pollution":[44],"cities,":[47],"Malthusian":[50],"specter":[51],"overpopulation).":[53],"This":[54],"saw":[56],"growth":[58],"\"guano":[60],"imperialism\"":[61],"as":[62],"nations":[63],"scoured":[64],"globe":[66],"for":[67,88],"fertilizers;":[69,81],"emergence":[71],"modem":[73],"science;":[75],"gradual":[77],"introduction":[78],"synthetic":[80],"formation":[84],"radical":[86],"proposal":[87],"development":[90],"a":[92,128],"sustainable":[93],"agriculture,":[94],"aimed":[95],"ultimately":[96],"at":[97,112,134],"elimination":[99],"antagonism":[102],"between":[103],"town":[104],"country.This":[106],"article":[107,133],"can":[108],"also":[109],"be":[110],"found":[111],"Monthly":[114,136],"Review":[115,137],"website,":[116],"where":[117],"most":[118],"recent":[119],"articles":[120],"are":[121],"published":[122],"full.Click":[124],"here":[125],"purchase":[127],"PDF":[129],"version":[130],"this":[132],"website.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
