{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993224523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1429656","title":"Hitler, Germans and the \"Jewish Question\"","display_name":"Hitler, Germans and the \"Jewish Question\"","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993224523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1429656","mag":"1993224523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1429656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1429656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1429656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202482741","display_name":"German Studies Review","issn_l":"0149-7952","issn":["0149-7952","2164-8646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315592","host_organization_name":"German Studies Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315592"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["German Studies Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"German Studies Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044950674","display_name":"Burt Schepper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burton Schepper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087530239","display_name":"Sarah Gordon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-3968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-3968"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9651718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"178","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12645","display_name":"European history and politics","score":0.7240999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12645","display_name":"European history and politics","score":0.7240999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13537","display_name":"German legal, social, and political studies","score":0.2168000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14441","display_name":"Religion, Theology, History, Judaism, Christianity","score":0.051100000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolf-hitler","display_name":"Adolf Hitler","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antisemitism","display_name":"antisemitism","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jewish-question","display_name":"Jewish question","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holocaust","display_name":"Holocaust","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-germany","display_name":"Nazi Germany","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weimar-germany","display_name":"Weimar Germany","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-nazi-resistance","display_name":"anti-Nazi resistance","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-churches","display_name":"German churches","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-jews","display_name":"German Jews","score":0.46399998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150152722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9268","display_name":"Judaism","level":2,"score":0.792365550994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5286961793899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2439028024673462}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1429656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1429656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1429656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202482741","display_name":"German Studies Review","issn_l":"0149-7952","issn":["0149-7952","2164-8646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315592","host_organization_name":"German Studies Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315592"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["German Studies Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"German Studies Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024265799","https://openalex.org/W2000857707","https://openalex.org/W4233489702","https://openalex.org/W1990290634","https://openalex.org/W639184538","https://openalex.org/W4220668888","https://openalex.org/W298014580","https://openalex.org/W2073505771","https://openalex.org/W2790848095","https://openalex.org/W2086164306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"book":[1],"probes":[2],"the":[3,6,13,33,49,61,66,69,91,120,123,134,142,163,173,189,196,200,211,217,230,247,274,279,282,285],"background":[4],"of":[5,10,18,20,38,42,45,57,63,68,86,94,110,122,127,136,182,203,210,213,227,276,281,288],"ultimately":[7],"unexplainable":[8],"evil":[9],"our":[11],"century,":[12],"deliberate":[14],"and":[15,71,83,119,130,145,159,246,261,284],"unprovoked":[16],"murder":[17],"millions":[19],"European":[21],"Jews--and":[22],"goes":[23],"on":[24,73,80],"to":[25,29,89,259],"explore":[26],"German":[27,124,137,174,277],"reactions":[28],"that":[30,152,241,253,262],"evil.":[31],"Depicting":[32],"emergence":[34],"in":[35,65,156,186,229,290],"Weimar":[36],"Germany":[37,187],"a":[39,55,84,116,180,207],"new":[40,78],"type":[41],"extreme":[43,183,201],"anti-Semite,":[44],"which":[46],"Hitler":[47],"was":[48,161],"paramount":[50],"example,":[51],"Sarah":[52],"Gordon":[53],"discusses":[54,270],"number":[56],"related":[58],"questions":[59,237],"about":[60,113],"role":[62,280],"anti-Semitism":[64,138],"rise":[67],"Nazis":[70,264],"draws":[72],"hitherto":[74],"unexamined":[75],"Gestapo":[76],"files,":[77],"data":[79],"court":[81],"sentences,":[82],"variety":[85],"other":[87],"sources":[88],"describe":[90],"tiny":[92],"numbers":[93],"courageous":[95],"Germans":[96],"who":[97,215],"opposed":[98],"Nazi":[99,143,167,231],"anti-Semitism.":[100],"She":[101],"analyzes":[102],"Hitler's":[103],"own":[104],"deranged":[105],"world":[106],"view,":[107],"his":[108,111,128],"use":[109],"feelings":[112],"Jews":[114,218,289],"as":[115,273],"political":[117],"tool,":[118],"extent":[121],"people's":[125],"knowledge":[126],"intentions":[129],"actions;":[131],"she":[132,146],"examines":[133],"history":[135],"from":[139],"1870":[140],"through":[141],"years;":[144],"indicates":[147],"several":[148],"reasons":[149],"for":[150,166,172],"thinking":[151],"anti-Semitism,":[153],"however":[154],"virulent":[155],"certain":[157],"individuals":[158],"groups,":[160],"not":[162],"major":[164],"reason":[165],"electoral":[168],"successes.":[169],"No":[170],"apologia":[171],"people,":[175],"this":[176],"work":[177],"shows":[178],"how":[179],"minority":[181],"anti-Semites":[184],"coexisted":[185],"with":[188],"indifferent":[190],"or":[191,219],"fearfully":[192],"disapproving":[193],"majority,":[194],"while":[195],"heroic":[197],"few":[198],"assumed":[199],"risks":[202],"opposition.":[204],"It":[205,268],"offers":[206],"clear":[208],"picture":[209],"kinds":[212],"people":[214],"aided":[216],"publicly":[220],"criticized":[221],"their":[222],"persecution,":[223],"including":[224],"surprising":[225],"evidence":[226],"opposition":[228],"party":[232],"itself.":[233],"In":[234],"addition,":[235],"it":[236],"widely":[238],"held":[239],"beliefs":[240],"older":[242],"Germans,":[243],"males,":[244],"Protestants,":[245],"middle":[248],"classes":[249],"were":[250,256,265],"disproportionately":[251],"anti-Semitic;":[252],"bluecollar":[254],"workers":[255],"basically":[257],"immune":[258],"anti-Semitism;":[260],"most":[263],"radical":[266],"anti-Semites.":[267],"also":[269],"such":[271],"subjects":[272],"attitudes":[275],"churches,":[278],"military,":[283],"socio-economic":[286],"characteristics":[287],"Germany.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}