{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993148317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","title":"Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review","display_name":"Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993148317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","mag":"1993148317","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4552598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.45.4.878?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1993148317"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.45.4.878?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104039231","display_name":"Arthur Selzer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801780550","display_name":"California Pacific Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjh0167","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114073160","https://openalex.org/I2801780550"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ARTHUR SELZER","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Cardiology Unit, Presbyterian Hospital and the Heart Research Institute, the Institute of Medical Sciences, Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Cardiology Unit, Presbyterian Hospital and the Heart Research Institute, the Institute of Medical Sciences, Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801780550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001908285","display_name":"Keith E. Cohn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801780550","display_name":"California Pacific Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjh0167","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114073160","https://openalex.org/I2801780550"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KEITH E. COHN","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Cardiology Unit, Presbyterian Hospital and the Heart Research Institute, the Institute of Medical Sciences, Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Cardiology Unit, Presbyterian Hospital and the Heart Research Institute, the Institute of Medical Sciences, Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801780550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801780550"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9425,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":304,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58181818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"4","first_page":"878","last_page":"890"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10172","display_name":"Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10172","display_name":"Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11153","display_name":"Streptococcal Infections and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10300","display_name":"Congenital Heart Disease Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitral-stenosis","display_name":"mitral stenosis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-history-disease","display_name":"natural history (disease)","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitral-valve-disease","display_name":"mitral valve disease","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatic-heart-disease","display_name":"rheumatic heart disease","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology","display_name":"etiology","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-versus-surgical-treatment","display_name":"surgical versus medical treatment","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-decision-making","display_name":"treatment decision-making","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.944579005241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780007028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2343082","display_name":"Stenosis","level":2,"score":0.6877469420433044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163276114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484591","display_name":"Natural history","level":2,"score":0.6562595367431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5569143295288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5543140172958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780703314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140794","display_name":"Mitral valve stenosis","level":3,"score":0.42613083124160767}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004617","descriptor_name":"Embolism","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004697","descriptor_name":"Endocarditis, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006344","descriptor_name":"Heart Septal Defects, Atrial","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006350","descriptor_name":"Heart Valve Prosthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008946","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008946","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008946","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008946","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012213","descriptor_name":"Rheumatic Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014655","descriptor_name":"Vascular Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.45.4.878?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4552598","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4552598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.45.4.878","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.45.4.878?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309825","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1993148317.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1993148317.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578897008","https://openalex.org/W1965332923","https://openalex.org/W1971564867","https://openalex.org/W1977163110","https://openalex.org/W1979309627","https://openalex.org/W1980999723","https://openalex.org/W1987536945","https://openalex.org/W1990659956","https://openalex.org/W1997602367","https://openalex.org/W2001442561","https://openalex.org/W2014473314","https://openalex.org/W2018076365","https://openalex.org/W2024571200","https://openalex.org/W2025436621","https://openalex.org/W2030583088","https://openalex.org/W2031613115","https://openalex.org/W2033569075","https://openalex.org/W2034832211","https://openalex.org/W2040252429","https://openalex.org/W2040340323","https://openalex.org/W2053181668","https://openalex.org/W2061625986","https://openalex.org/W2069994207","https://openalex.org/W2076413525","https://openalex.org/W2080037774","https://openalex.org/W2089219107","https://openalex.org/W2092153594","https://openalex.org/W2146746527","https://openalex.org/W2340051550","https://openalex.org/W2342385266","https://openalex.org/W2592187594","https://openalex.org/W2616790969","https://openalex.org/W2923537376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2562384251","https://openalex.org/W2002902029","https://openalex.org/W2021025820","https://openalex.org/W2051803754","https://openalex.org/W2144371286","https://openalex.org/W7096820027","https://openalex.org/W2412537013","https://openalex.org/W2031813037","https://openalex.org/W2075037105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION":[0],"of":[1,11,15,18,23,29,37,58,69,81,122,145,175,183],"cardiovascu-":[2],"lar":[3],"surgery":[4,76],"has":[5,106],"profoundly":[6],"influenced":[7],"the":[8,66,142],"natural":[9,67,79,102,143],"history":[10,68,80,144],"many":[12,46,82],"cardiac":[13,178],"diseases.Availability":[14],"surgical":[16,59,96,132],"means":[17,26],"benefiting":[19],"serious":[20],"heart":[21],"disease-regardless":[22],"whether":[24],"these":[25,156],"are":[27,114,180],"curative":[28],"palliative-provides":[30],"a":[31,52,70,73,163],"powerful":[32],"temptation":[33],"to":[34,64,94,107,131,139,161,167],"take":[35],"advantage":[36],"such":[38],"an":[39],"opportunity.It":[40],"is":[41,61,77],"evident,":[42],"however,":[43],"that":[44,57,173],"in":[45,98],"instances":[47],"medical":[48],"therapy":[49],"may":[50],"carry":[51],"much":[53],"smaller":[54],"risk":[55],"than":[56],"intervention.It":[60],"therefore":[62],"crucial":[63],"consider":[65],"disease":[71],"before":[72],"decision":[74],"regarding":[75],"made.The":[78],"diseases":[83,174],"can":[84,150],"no":[85,186],"longer":[86,187],"be":[87,92,108,151],"observed,":[88],"since":[89],"it":[90,149],"would":[91],"improper":[93],"withhold":[95],"help":[97],"certain":[99],"advanced":[100],"stages.Consequently,":[101],"his-":[103],"tory":[104],"often":[105],"extrapolated":[109],"from":[110,120,155],"older":[111],"studies,":[112],"which":[113],"incomplete":[115],"by":[116],"today's":[117],"standards,":[118],"and":[119,154],"observations":[121],"patients":[123],"who":[124],"for":[125,190],"various":[126],"reasons":[127],"were":[128],"not":[129],"subjected":[130],"therapy.In":[133],"this":[134,168],"review,":[135],"we":[136],"have":[137,159],"attempted":[138,160],"analyze":[140],"critically":[141],"mitral":[146],"stenosis":[147],"as":[148],"reconstructed":[152],"today,":[153],"observa-":[157],"tions":[158],"formulate":[162],"rational":[164],"therapeutic":[165],"approach":[166],"disease.":[169],"EtiologyThe":[170],"traditional":[171],"view":[172],"left-":[176],"sided":[177],"valves":[179],"late":[181],"consequences":[182],"rheumatic":[184],"fever":[185],"holds":[188],"true,":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
