{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993018456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100635","title":"The relation of glycaemia to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetic Control and Complications Trial","display_name":"The relation of glycaemia to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetic Control and Complications Trial","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993018456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100635","mag":"1993018456","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11692169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s001250100635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100635","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s001250100635.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s001250100635.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110868905","display_name":"F. John Service","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. J. Service","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. service.john@mayo.edu","Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition,, , , , , , US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. service.john@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition,, , , , , , US","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101562191","display_name":"Peter C. O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-9439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-9439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. C. O'Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, , , , , , US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"fwci":3.1392,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90656623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"10","first_page":"1215","last_page":"1220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.649399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.649399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.32690000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11142","display_name":"Advanced Glycation End Products research","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1308","display_name":"Clinical Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-glucose","display_name":"mean blood glucose","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycaemic-excursions","display_name":"glycaemic excursions","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy-progression","display_name":"retinopathy progression","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-therapy","display_name":"intensive treatment","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-treatment","display_name":"conventional therapy","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.7519999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7105951309204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986265897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23852","display_name":"Human physiology","level":2,"score":0.6428371667861938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6204453110694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6180821061134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.574207067489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5524868965148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.471591591835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.24636492133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10375002026557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.06442192196846008}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002196","descriptor_name":"Capillaries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005215","descriptor_name":"Fasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005502","descriptor_name":"Food","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s001250100635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100635","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s001250100635.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11692169","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11692169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s001250100635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100635","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s001250100635.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1993018456.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1993018456.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36168761","https://openalex.org/W1972457434","https://openalex.org/W2077580396","https://openalex.org/W2078089300","https://openalex.org/W2145562665","https://openalex.org/W4234329496","https://openalex.org/W4247974143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W279403625","https://openalex.org/W4248932937","https://openalex.org/W2034900477","https://openalex.org/W4234329496","https://openalex.org/W2089057070","https://openalex.org/W2072690677","https://openalex.org/W72833482","https://openalex.org/W2398963866","https://openalex.org/W2183102921","https://openalex.org/W2063571757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:":[0],"We":[1],"have":[2],"assessed":[3],"the":[4,7,13,16,23,60,104,172,200,243,259],"relation":[5],"between":[6,204],"quarterly":[8,54,247],"capillary":[9,37,249],"glucose":[10,38,102,169,208,222,250,272],"profile":[11],"and":[12,18,29,35,56,87,92,97,140,151,209],"risk":[14,174,210,215,229,261],"of":[15,20,53,123,149,154,183,186,223,228,255,264],"development":[17],"progression":[19,263],"retinopathy":[21,122,212,265],"in":[22,48,59,83,103,121],"DCCT.":[24],"METHODS:":[25],"Seven":[26],"point":[27],"(preprandial":[28],"90-min":[30],"postprandial":[31,135,139],"for":[32,211,262],"each":[33,124,137],"meal":[34],"bedtime)":[36],"data":[39],"were":[40,46,58,239],"analysed":[41],"from":[42,80],"volunteers":[43],"whose":[44],"collections":[45],"complete":[47],"80":[49],"%,":[50],"or":[51],"more,":[52],"periods":[55],"who":[57],"study":[61,77],"longer":[62],"than":[63],"4":[64],"years":[65],"(n":[66],"=":[67,72],"296,":[68],"conventional":[69],"therapy;":[70],"n":[71],"269,":[73],"intensive":[74,105],"therapy).":[75],"The":[76,202],"cohort":[78],"differed":[79],"excluded":[81],"patients":[82],"having":[84],"more":[85],"women":[86],"lower":[88,98],"HbA(1c)":[89],"at":[90,189],"baseline":[91,99,190],"fewer":[93],"adolescents,":[94],"older":[95],"age":[96],"mean":[100,128,131,134,152,167,184,206,220,270],"blood":[101,129,168,207,221,271],"therapy":[106],"group.":[107],"RESULTS:":[108],"Univariate":[109],"analysis":[110],"showed":[111,165],"significant":[112],"(p":[113,176,191],"<":[114,177,192],"0.01)":[115],"associations":[116],"to":[117,170,199],"sustained":[118],"3-step":[119],"change":[120],"updated":[125,166,205,219,269],"glycaemic":[126,155,187,257],"parameter:":[127],"glucose,":[130,133,136,144],"preprandial":[132],"preprandial,":[138],"bedtime":[141],"glucose;":[142,147],"range":[143],"standard":[145],"deviation":[146],"M-value":[148],"Schlichtkrull":[150],"amplitude":[153,185],"excursions,":[156],"albeit":[157],"with":[158,179],"relatively":[159],"small":[160],"hazard":[161],"ratios.":[162],"Multivariate":[163],"analyses":[164],"be":[171,232],"primary":[173],"factor":[175],"0.001)":[178],"a":[180],"weak":[181],"contribution":[182],"excursions":[188],"0.005);":[193],"no":[194],"other":[195],"variables":[196],"added":[197],"significantly":[198],"model.":[201],"association":[203],"was":[213],"nonlinear:":[214],"progressively":[216],"increased":[217],"above":[218,274],"8.3":[224,275],"mmol/l.":[225,276],"A":[226],"gradient":[227],"could":[230],"not":[231],"determined":[233],"below":[234],"this":[235],"level":[236],"because":[237],"events":[238],"few.":[240],"CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION:":[241],"Within":[242],"limitations":[244],"provided":[245],"by":[246,268],"7-point":[248],"measurements":[251],"as":[252],"an":[253],"expression":[254],"overall":[256],"behaviour,":[258],"major":[260],"is":[266],"conveyed":[267],"especially":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
