{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992859929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41165283","title":"Strategy, Annual Reports, and Alchemy","display_name":"Strategy, Annual Reports, and Alchemy","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992859929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41165283","mag":"1992859929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/41165283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41165283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41165283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172782825","display_name":"California Management Review","issn_l":"0008-1256","issn":["0008-1256","2162-8564"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"California Management Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077071911","display_name":"Edward H. Bowman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward H. Bowman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077071911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":216,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89689922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"64","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":0.40799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":0.40799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.17739999294281006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12815","display_name":"Management and Organizational Practices","score":0.09780000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-strategy","display_name":"business strategy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-orientation","display_name":"customer orientation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-activities","display_name":"international activities","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-growth","display_name":"controlled growth","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-integration","display_name":"vertical integration","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-added","display_name":"value added","score":0.8980000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.621829092502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5061809420585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5028175711631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3827858567237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.32898569107055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13091889023780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11443382501602173}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/41165283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41165283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41165283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172782825","display_name":"California Management Review","issn_l":"0008-1256","issn":["0008-1256","2162-8564"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"California Management Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018308237","https://openalex.org/W2029400438","https://openalex.org/W2213723225","https://openalex.org/W4241180567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W650581235","https://openalex.org/W153254127","https://openalex.org/W1514265001","https://openalex.org/W2584645600","https://openalex.org/W4385255020","https://openalex.org/W2981720444","https://openalex.org/W7100597835","https://openalex.org/W595615723","https://openalex.org/W1986047121","https://openalex.org/W2081369675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Annual":[0],"reports":[1],"are":[2,37],"utilized":[3],"to":[4,74],"study":[5,23],"the":[6,14,25,28,64,67],"corporate":[7],"strategy":[8],"of":[9,24,30,63],"fortysix":[10],"American":[11],"companies":[12],"in":[13,18],"minicomputer/peripheral":[15],"industry.":[16],"Based":[17],"part":[19],"on":[20,34],"a":[21,71],"previous":[22],"food-processing":[26],"industry,":[27],"effects":[29],"five":[31],"explanatory":[32],"variables":[33,40],"commercial":[35],"success":[36],"investigated.":[38],"These":[39],"are:":[41],"(1)":[42],"environmental":[43],"coping;":[44],"(2)":[45],"customer":[46],"orientation;":[47],"(3)":[48],"international":[49],"activities;":[50],"(4)":[51],"controlled":[52],"growth;":[53],"and":[54,58],"(5)":[55],"vertical":[56],"integration":[57],"value":[59],"added.":[60],"The":[61],"results":[62],"analysis":[65],"support":[66],"hypothesis":[68],"projected,":[69],"permitting":[70],"theoretical":[72],"summary":[73],"be":[75],"offered.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}