{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992808136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90141-5","title":"On the 50th anniversary of Dale's law: multiple neurotransmitter neurons","display_name":"On the 50th anniversary of Dale's law: multiple neurotransmitter neurons","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992808136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90141-5","mag":"1992808136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0165-6147(85)90141-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90141-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90141-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31167473","display_name":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences","issn_l":"0165-6147","issn":["0165-6147","1873-3735"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052410943","display_name":"Thomas L. O\u2019Donohue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148314036","display_name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04r3kq386","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas L. O'Donohue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Services, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Services, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111986257","display_name":"William R. Millington","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Millington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroendocrinology Unit, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological, Communicative Disorders Bethesda, MD 20205, USA","Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroendocrinology Unit, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Neurological, Communicative Disorders Bethesda, MD 20205, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055095536","display_name":"Gail E. Handelmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148314036","display_name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04r3kq386","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail E. Handelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Services, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Services, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110723140","display_name":"Patricia C. Contreras","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia C. Contreras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113636164","display_name":"Bibie M. Chronwall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bibie M. Chronwall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Howard University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Howard University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":7030,"currency":"USD","value_usd":7030},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95032734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"305","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dale-s-law","display_name":"Dale's law","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmitter-diffusion","display_name":"neurotransmitter diffusion","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"synaptic plasticity","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interneuronal-communication","display_name":"interneuronal communication","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-messengers","display_name":"second messengers","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription-factors","display_name":"transcription factors","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroplasticity","display_name":"neuroplasticity","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-storage","display_name":"information storage","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-remodeling","display_name":"synaptic remodeling","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7993936538696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.7992855310440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200170125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neurotransmission","level":3,"score":0.6728970408439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545706735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Nervous system","level":2,"score":0.5334038734436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98229152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551556","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","level":3,"score":0.5128908157348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5020437240600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156927020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187783","display_name":"Neurotransmitter receptor","level":3,"score":0.5004844665527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163235415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899814","display_name":"Second messenger system","level":3,"score":0.47970670461654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47611674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849491","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","level":2,"score":0.4560600817203522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910715078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","level":4,"score":0.45583298802375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.4498611092567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.4227057099342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.29642170667648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.21496295928955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.19849050045013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.18018710613250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0165-6147(85)90141-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90141-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90141-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31167473","display_name":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences","issn_l":"0165-6147","issn":["0165-6147","1873-3735"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1466690415","https://openalex.org/W1529693266","https://openalex.org/W1964847660","https://openalex.org/W1983636660","https://openalex.org/W2021216753","https://openalex.org/W2032034391","https://openalex.org/W2068655741","https://openalex.org/W2174825349","https://openalex.org/W4249612046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570114201","https://openalex.org/W2017883686","https://openalex.org/W1980817649","https://openalex.org/W2480639477","https://openalex.org/W2162781578","https://openalex.org/W2102205870","https://openalex.org/W4312608162","https://openalex.org/W1963677908","https://openalex.org/W2222644638","https://openalex.org/W2204282720"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}