{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992789129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1978.48.5.0679","title":"Outcome following severe head injuries in children","display_name":"Outcome following severe head injuries in children","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992789129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1978.48.5.0679","mag":"1992789129","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/641548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3171/jns.1978.48.5.0679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1978.48.5.0679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1978.48.5.0679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1995308","display_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","issn_l":"0022-3085","issn":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110051507","display_name":"Derek Andrew Bruce","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek A. Bruce","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081491679","display_name":"Luis Schut","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Schut","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078833236","display_name":"Leonard A. Bruno","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard A. Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021681231","display_name":"James H. Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108424497","display_name":"Leslie N. Sutton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie N. Sutton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.542,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":343,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9941452,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"5","first_page":"679","last_page":"688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"severe traumatic brain injury","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"pediatric traumatic brain injury","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glasgow-coma-scale","display_name":"Glasgow Coma Scale","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognosis","display_name":"prognosis","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracranial-pressure","display_name":"intracranial pressure","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mannitol","display_name":"mannitol","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroids","display_name":"corticosteroids","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pentobarbital","display_name":"pentobarbital","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"controlled ventilation","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flaccidity","display_name":"flaccidity","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-edema","display_name":"cerebral edema","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-occupying-lesions","display_name":"space-occupying lesions","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.947955310344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17624336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461644","display_name":"Glasgow Coma Scale","level":2,"score":0.7840325832366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780954326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416096","display_name":"Intracranial pressure","level":2,"score":0.7057070136070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100136789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1772448","display_name":"Coma (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6008392572402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920572","display_name":"Head injury","level":2,"score":0.5322703123092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5269594788551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5173351168632507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.47348153591156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.365959107875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003128","descriptor_name":"Coma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009460","descriptor_name":"Neurologic Examination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3171/jns.1978.48.5.0679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1978.48.5.0679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1978.48.5.0679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1995308","display_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","issn_l":"0022-3085","issn":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:641548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/641548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurosurgery","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12191033","https://openalex.org/W183346478","https://openalex.org/W305727783","https://openalex.org/W622849613","https://openalex.org/W896204619","https://openalex.org/W1603121691","https://openalex.org/W1874700596","https://openalex.org/W1964106743","https://openalex.org/W1967423197","https://openalex.org/W1976495057","https://openalex.org/W2015123549","https://openalex.org/W2027136399","https://openalex.org/W2051171148","https://openalex.org/W2051418496","https://openalex.org/W2053586608","https://openalex.org/W2089650327","https://openalex.org/W2109095295","https://openalex.org/W2117275990","https://openalex.org/W2124385018","https://openalex.org/W2176428774","https://openalex.org/W2288013079","https://openalex.org/W2346179423","https://openalex.org/W2403022006","https://openalex.org/W2493490089","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077720704","https://openalex.org/W2022721719","https://openalex.org/W2000993380","https://openalex.org/W2065551431","https://openalex.org/W2075375449","https://openalex.org/W1967423197","https://openalex.org/W2362603207","https://openalex.org/W2068690841","https://openalex.org/W1946714549","https://openalex.org/W2023870625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85,127],"outcome":[1],"in":[2,159],"53":[3],"children":[4,12,164],"following":[5,165],"severe":[6,166],"head":[7,167],"injury":[8,168],"is":[9],"presented.":[10],"All":[11,36,73],"were":[13,26,33,38,51,100,107,124],"graded":[14],"using":[15],"the":[16,55,90,149,160],"Glasgow":[17],"Coma":[18],"Scale;":[19],"90%":[20],"made":[21,119],"a":[22,76,120,144,157],"good":[23,121],"recovery":[24,122],"or":[25,32,81,99,109,123],"moderately":[27,125],"disabled,":[28],"and":[29,43,115,135],"8%":[30],"died":[31,98],"left":[34],"vegetative.":[35,101],"patients":[37,74,97,105],"treated":[39],"with":[40,75,111],"controlled":[41],"ventilation":[42],"steroids;":[44],"mannitol,":[45],"and,":[46],"if":[47],"necessary,":[48],"Nembutal":[49],"(pentobarbital)":[50],"used":[52],"to":[53,69,152,171],"maintain":[54],"intracranial":[56,71],"pressure":[57],"below":[58],"20":[59],"torr.":[60],"With":[61],"this":[62],"regimen,":[63],"only":[64],"one":[65],"death":[66],"occurred":[67],"due":[68],"uncontrollable":[70],"hypertension.":[72],"coma":[77],"scale":[78],"of":[79,92,95,103,131,138,148,163],"5":[80],"greater":[82],"recovered":[83],"well.":[84],"worst":[86],"prognostic":[87],"sign":[88],"was":[89],"presence":[91],"flaccidity:":[93],"33%":[94],"these":[96],"Five":[102],"seven":[104],"who":[106],"decerebrate":[108],"flaccid":[110],"bilateral":[112],"fixed":[113],"pupils":[114],"absent":[116],"caloric":[117],"responses":[118],"disabled.":[126],"relatively":[128],"low":[129],"incidence":[130,137],"mass":[132],"lesions":[133],"(23%)":[134],"high":[136],"diffuse":[139],"cerebral":[140],"swelling":[141],"(34%)":[142],"suggest":[143],"different":[145],"pathophysiological":[146],"response":[147],"child's":[150],"brain":[151],"injury,":[153],"which":[154],"may":[155],"play":[156],"role":[158],"improved":[161],"survival":[162],"when":[169],"compared":[170],"adults.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}