{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992497909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040024x","title":"The Germination of Small Grain and Corn as Influenced by Urea and Other Nitrogenous Fertilizers","display_name":"The Germination of Small Grain and Corn as Influenced by Urea and Other Nitrogenous Fertilizers","publication_year":1960,"publication_date":"1960-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992497909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040024x","mag":"1992497909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040024x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040024x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040024x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59755854","display_name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","issn_l":"0361-5995","issn":["0361-5995","1435-0661"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082170701","display_name":"B. L. Brage","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. L. Brage","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041055031","display_name":"Walter R. Zich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. R. Zich","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061677907","display_name":"Lawrence O. Fine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. O. Fine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomist, formerly Graduate Assistant in Agronomy, and Agronomist, South Dakota State College, respectively"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomist, formerly Graduate Assistant in Agronomy, and Agronomist, South Dakota State College, respectively","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2020,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2020},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97463962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"294","last_page":"296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11098","display_name":"Seed Germination and Physiology","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea","display_name":"urea","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biuret","display_name":"biuret","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-germination","display_name":"seed germination","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling-stand","display_name":"seedling stand","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-grains","display_name":"small grains","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-nitrate","display_name":"ammonium nitrate","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-carbonate","display_name":"ammonium carbonate","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-hydroxide","display_name":"ammonium hydroxide","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-sulfate","display_name":"ammonium sulfate","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-toxicity","display_name":"fertilizer toxicity","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-volatilization","display_name":"ammonia volatilization","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97781552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804138","display_name":"Biuret test","level":3,"score":0.8418567776679993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318","display_name":"Urea","level":2,"score":0.8204697370529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6950581073760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54285103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4747287","display_name":"Ammonia volatilization from urea","level":3,"score":0.6907662749290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190901","display_name":"Ammonium","level":2,"score":0.6384750008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6182840466499329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.6037912964820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776617377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182329","display_name":"Ammonium nitrate","level":2,"score":0.5816447138786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.5736026167869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779257513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204873","display_name":"Ammonium carbonate","level":2,"score":0.5240069627761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.48680922389030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779521917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327086","display_name":"Urease","level":3,"score":0.4471721947193146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.43443623185157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.41690793633461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2598496675491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09302765130996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07812574505805969}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040024x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040024x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040024x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59755854","display_name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","issn_l":"0361-5995","issn":["0361-5995","1435-0661"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.958299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043074901","https://openalex.org/W2884527730","https://openalex.org/W2057378944","https://openalex.org/W2147486043","https://openalex.org/W1964249116","https://openalex.org/W184799947","https://openalex.org/W2051200515","https://openalex.org/W2511527969","https://openalex.org/W2137909568","https://openalex.org/W1984861245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Field":[1],"experiments":[2],"comparing":[3],"the":[4,18,37,48,129,132,139,177],"use":[5],"of":[6,31,39,63,103,156],"urea":[7,81,189],"to":[8,101,190,193],"other":[9],"fertilizers":[10],"were":[11,66,82,158],"performed.":[12],"The":[13],"fertilizer":[14,125],"was":[15,45,109,126,136,152],"placed":[16],"with":[17,47,128,163],"seed":[19],"in":[20,61,119,131,180,186],"all":[21],"but":[22],"two":[23],"experiments.":[24],"Urea":[25,108],"containing":[26,87],"2.5%":[27],"biuret":[28,179],"reduced":[29],"stands":[30],"small":[32],"grain":[33],"by":[34,68,142],"30%":[35],"when":[36,72,144],"equivalent":[38],"20":[40],"pounds":[41,54,76,94],"nitrogen":[42,55,95],"per":[43,56,84,96],"acre":[44,57],"applied":[46,90],"seed.":[49],"Ammonium":[50],"nitrate":[51,118],"at":[52,92],"80":[53,75],"caused":[58,98],"a":[59,120],"reduction":[60],"stand":[62],"10%.":[64],"Stands":[65],"depressed":[67],"25":[69],"and":[70,74,116,176],"60%":[71],"40":[73],"nitrogen,":[77],"respectively,":[78],"as":[79],"reagent":[80],"used":[83],"acre.":[85],"Urea,":[86],"10%":[88],"biuret,":[89],"broadcast":[91],"160":[93],"acre,":[97],"no":[99],"damage":[100],"germination":[102,122],"either":[104,145,164],"corn":[105],"or":[106,149,169],"barley.":[107],"intermediate":[110],"between":[111],"ammonium":[112,117,147,150,165,167],"carbonate":[113,151],"(most":[114],"damaging)":[115],"greenhouse":[121],"trial.":[123],"When":[124],"mixed":[127],"soil":[130,140],"laboratory,":[133],"considerable":[134],"ammonia":[135,157],"evolved":[137],"from":[138,160,174],"atmosphere":[141],"aeration":[143],"urea,":[146,175,181],"hydroxide":[148],"used.":[153],"Only":[154],"traces":[155],"removed":[159],"soils":[161],"treated":[162],"nitrate,":[166],"sulfate":[168],"biuret.":[170],"Ammonia":[171],"gas":[172],"formed":[173],"contaminant":[178],"are":[182],"therefore":[183],"both":[184],"instrumental":[185],"causing":[187],"commercial":[188],"be":[191],"toxic":[192],"germinating":[194],"seeds.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
