{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992487226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","title":"Traditional Leadership and Independent Bantustans of South Africa: Some Milestones of Transformative Constitutionalism beyond Apartheid","display_name":"Traditional Leadership and Independent Bantustans of South Africa: Some Milestones of Transformative Constitutionalism beyond Apartheid","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992487226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","mag":"1992487226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","pdf_url":"https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/per/article/download/2741/2545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739045422","display_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad","issn_l":"1727-3781","issn":["1727-3781"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319941","host_organization_name":"North-West University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319941"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["North-West University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/per/article/download/2741/2545","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054716838","display_name":"Samuelson Freddie Khunou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Freddie S Khunou","raw_affiliation_strings":["North West University(Potcefstroom Campus)","North West University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North West University(Potcefstroom Campus)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North West University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054716838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":190},"apc_paid":{"value":3500,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":190},"fwci":18.3265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9871062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"80","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12775","display_name":"Legal Issues in South Africa","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12775","display_name":"Legal Issues in South Africa","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11695","display_name":"South African History and Culture","score":0.03750000149011612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-leadership","display_name":"traditional leadership","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bantustans","display_name":"Bantustans","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apartheid","display_name":"apartheid","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-constitutionalism","display_name":"transformative constitutionalism","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-authority","display_name":"traditional authority","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transkei","display_name":"Transkei","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bophuthatswana","display_name":"Bophuthatswana","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venda","display_name":"Venda","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciskei","display_name":"Ciskei","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-governance","display_name":"traditional governance","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-constitution-of-1996","display_name":"South African Constitution of 1996","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-transition","display_name":"democratic transition","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-preservation","display_name":"cultural preservation","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.7320171594619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661443","display_name":"Indirect rule","level":3,"score":0.6615296602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6321207284927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.5745218396186829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70999106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194747","display_name":"Constitutionalism","level":4,"score":0.5200397968292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.4877108037471771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2479394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q872773","display_name":"Traditional authority","level":2,"score":0.4795498549938202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4777188301086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4630465805530548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.45948728919029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4454779624938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.42994844913482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4294702708721161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.4286551773548126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.38954925537109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.36451399326324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1601220667362213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08993041515350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","pdf_url":"https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/per/article/download/2741/2545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739045422","display_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad","issn_l":"1727-3781","issn":["1727-3781"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319941","host_organization_name":"North-West University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319941"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["North-West University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.4314/pelj.v12i4.50050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/pelj.v12i4.50050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/pelj.v12i4.50050","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/pelj/article/download/50050/36368","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739045422","display_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad","issn_l":"1727-3781","issn":["1727-3781"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319941","host_organization_name":"North-West University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319941"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["North-West University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3122057133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1555209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:54ff29c55ab04f1a825e611392a4da67","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/54ff29c55ab04f1a825e611392a4da67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 80-122 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/3648","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/2741","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/per/article/view/2741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196434","display_name":"Khulisa Journals (Academy of Science of South Africa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802923894","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802923894"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal; Vol 12 No 4 (2009); 80-122","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i4a2741","pdf_url":"https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/per/article/download/2741/2545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739045422","display_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad","issn_l":"1727-3781","issn":["1727-3781"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319941","host_organization_name":"North-West University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319941"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["North-West University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1992487226.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1992487226.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616394977","https://openalex.org/W1520569301","https://openalex.org/W1645004997","https://openalex.org/W2029700027","https://openalex.org/W2047532348","https://openalex.org/W2119256515","https://openalex.org/W2163339733","https://openalex.org/W2346018303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1645004997","https://openalex.org/W2753501858","https://openalex.org/W2979660182","https://openalex.org/W4390005269","https://openalex.org/W4412351566","https://openalex.org/W4393010116","https://openalex.org/W2771524863","https://openalex.org/W1496289623","https://openalex.org/W3201613027","https://openalex.org/W4407042749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,78,100,165,194,211,229,333,382,425,499,521,543,632,658],"institution":[1,40,49,65,176,236,258,378,403,410,456,509,522,563,647],"of":[2,9,16,28,41,50,59,66,72,81,97,102,123,138,171,177,196,199,213,234,237,248,251,256,259,263,276,299,317,335,342,354,361,379,389,393,404,419,445,448,454,457,481,493,510,523,550,564,595,607,611,615,618,634,648,660],"traditional":[3,42,51,62,67,82,98,133,178,183,192,200,238,260,283,290,331,349,363,380,405,458,511,524,565,577,581,608,619,637,649],"leadership":[4,52,68,79,201,239,406,459,512,525,620],"represents":[5],"the":[6,14,29,32,39,45,48,70,75,86,95,112,119,132,136,149,162,175,197,235,246,252,257,264,271,300,309,315,318,336,340,345,352,359,362,372,377,386,390,402,409,415,420,429,449,455,462,479,482,491,508,518,533,548,562,570,587,605,612,616,646],"early":[7],"form":[8,71],"societal":[10],"organisation.":[11],"It":[12],"embodies":[13],"preservation":[15],"culture,":[17],"traditions,":[18],"customs":[19],"and":[20,34,56,89,105,121,142,152,185,209,220,223,232,254,321,326,344,351,407,417,423,440,452,474,497,513,536,540,555,589,643],"values.":[21],"This":[22,128,365],"paper":[23,129,366],"gives":[24],"a":[25,54,110,124,355],"brief":[26],"exposition":[27],"impact":[30,560],"that":[31,131,273,385,476,625],"pre-colonial":[33,46],"colonial":[35,87],"regimes":[36],"had":[37],"on":[38,118,297,553,561],"leadership.":[43,261,381,566,609],"During":[44],"era,":[47],"was":[53,69],"political":[55],"administrative":[57],"centre":[58],"governance":[60],"for":[61,266,348,358,652],"communities.":[63],"government":[73,114,277,320,338,392,500,638],"with":[74,414,490,517,532],"highest":[76],"authority.":[77],"monopoly":[80],"leaders":[83,184,350,578],"changed":[84],"when":[85,485],"authorities":[88,134],"rulers":[90],"introduced":[91],"their":[92,158,191,488,580],"authority":[93,307],"to":[94,145,157,161,173,203,225,245,313,322,400,506,528,545,586,604,645],"landscape":[96],"governance.":[99],"introduction":[101],"apartheid":[103,113,150,163,343],"legalised":[104],"institutionalised":[106],"racial":[107],"discrimination.":[108],"As":[109],"result,":[111],"created":[115],"Bantustans":[116,137,215,243],"based":[117,552],"language":[120],"culture":[122],"particular":[125],"ethnic":[126],"group.":[127],"asserts":[130],"in":[135,190,205,240,311,376,396,412,442,461,466,579,621,636,666],"Transkei,":[139,206],"Bophuthatswana,":[140,207],"Venda":[141,208],"Ciskei":[143],"seemed":[144,202],"be":[146],"used":[147,216],"by":[148,371],"regime":[151],"were":[153,278,292],"no":[154],"longer":[155],"accountable":[156],"communities":[159],"but":[160],"regime.":[164],"Bantustans\u2019":[166],"governments":[167,212],"passed":[168],"various":[169],"pieces":[170],"legislation":[172,504],"control":[174,181,316],"leadership,":[179,650],"exercised":[180],"over":[182],"allowed":[186],"them":[187],"minimal":[188],"independence":[189],"role.":[193],"pattern":[195],"disintegration":[198,231],"differ":[204],"Ciskei.":[210],"these":[214,241,289],"different":[217],"political,":[218],"constitutional":[219,374,534,572],"legal":[221],"practices":[222],"methods":[224],"achieve":[226],"this":[227,267,397],"disintegration.":[228],"gradual":[230],"dislocation":[233],"four":[242],"led":[244],"loss":[247],"valuable":[249],"knowledge":[250],"essence":[253],"relevance":[255],"One":[262,610],"reasons":[265],"anomaly":[268],"emanated":[269],"from":[270,602],"fact":[272],"undemocratic":[274],"structures":[275,639],"established,":[279],"commonly":[280],"known":[281],"as":[282,432,434,469],"authorities.":[284,364],"More":[285],"often":[286],"than":[287],"not":[288],"institutions":[291,295],"mere":[293],"puppet":[294],"operating":[296],"behalf":[298],"Bantustan":[301,310,319,346],"regime,":[302],"granted":[303],"token":[304],"or":[305],"limited":[306],"within":[308,330],"order":[312,427,431],"extend":[314],"curb":[323],"possible":[324],"anti-apartheid":[325],"anti-Bantustan-system":[327],"revolutionary":[328],"activity":[329],"areas.":[332],"advent":[334],"post-apartheid":[337,426],"marked":[339],"demise":[341],"system":[347],"beginning":[353],"new":[356,373,463,571],"struggle":[357],"freedom":[360],"highlights":[367],"changes":[368],"brought":[369],"about":[370],"dispensation":[375,464,573],"author":[383],"demonstrates":[384],"primary":[387],"objective":[388],"democratic":[391,503,641],"South":[394,622,667],"Africa":[395,623],"regard":[398],"is":[399,436,526,584,624,663],"transform":[401],"re-create":[408],"completely":[411],"line":[413],"values":[416,535],"principles":[418,451,473],"1996":[421,519],"Constitution":[422],"democracy.":[424],"rejects":[428],"old":[430,588],"far":[433,468],"it":[435,515],"sexist,":[437],"racist,":[438],"authoritarian":[439],"unequal":[441],"its":[443],"treatment":[444],"persons.":[446],"All":[447],"rules,":[450,472],"doctrines":[453,475],"apply":[460],"only":[465],"so":[467],"they":[470],"are":[471],"would":[477],"survive":[478],"scrutiny":[480],"present":[483],"society":[484],"measured":[486],"against":[487],"compliance":[489,531],"requirements":[492],"human":[494],"dignity,":[495],"equality":[496,627],"freedom.":[498],"has":[501,557,628],"enacted":[502],"intended":[505],"change":[507],"make":[514],"consistent":[516],"Constitution.":[520],"obliged":[527],"ensure":[529],"full":[530],"other":[537],"relevant":[538],"national":[539],"provincial":[541],"legislation.":[542],"right":[544],"equality,":[546],"including":[547],"prohibition":[549],"discrimination":[551],"gender":[554,626],"sex,":[556],"an":[558],"important":[559],"For":[567],"example,":[568],"under":[569],"women":[574,601,635],"may":[575],"become":[576],"communities,":[582],"which":[583,599,651],"contrary":[585],"long":[590],"observed":[591],"African":[592],"customary":[593],"rule":[594],"male":[596],"intestate":[597],"succession,":[598],"excluded":[600],"succession":[603],"position":[606],"remarkable":[613],"features":[614],"transformation":[617],"been":[629],"progressively":[630],"advanced.":[631],"inclusion":[633],"adds":[640],"value":[642],"credibility":[644],"many":[653],"years":[654],"remained":[655],"essentially":[656],"male-dominated.":[657],"doctrine":[659],"transformative":[661],"constitutionalism":[662],"well":[664],"established":[665],"Africa.":[668]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}