{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992352166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338101800208","title":"Revolution and Peace: the Nicaraguan Road","display_name":"Revolution and Peace: the Nicaraguan Road","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992352166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338101800208","mag":"1992352166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002234338101800208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338101800208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338101800208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031362012","display_name":"Ernesto Cardenal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto Cardenal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minister of Cultural Affairs ,","Minister of Cultural Affairs, Nicaragua"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minister of Cultural Affairs ,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minister of Cultural Affairs, Nicaragua","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031362012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88139475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"201","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.1273999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.1273999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.11270000040531158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.10279999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicaraguan-revolution","display_name":"Sandinista revolution","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peace","display_name":"peace","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justice","display_name":"justice","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-ethics","display_name":"Christian ethics","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconciliation","display_name":"reconciliation","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reintegration","display_name":"reintegration","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abolition-of-the-death-penalty","display_name":"abolition of the death penalty","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy-campaigns","display_name":"literacy campaigns","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revolutionary-government","display_name":"revolutionary government","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brotherhood","display_name":"brotherhood","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777266375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770480","display_name":"Injustice","level":2,"score":0.8641147613525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6537752151489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5561401844024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4606923758983612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778733213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264892","display_name":"Social injustice","level":3,"score":0.459995836019516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4343158006668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3802626132965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.37397629022598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.34301048517227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.23044806718826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13610658049583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0865527093410492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08544492721557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002234338101800208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338101800208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338101800208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:joupea:v:18:y:1981:i:2:p:201-207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/18/2/201.abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W649610029","https://openalex.org/W7030428848","https://openalex.org/W7049253001","https://openalex.org/W2314713143","https://openalex.org/W2565261204","https://openalex.org/W2157043565","https://openalex.org/W4417536612","https://openalex.org/W7057799292","https://openalex.org/W2106199806","https://openalex.org/W2031366955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Peace":[1],"is":[2,43,50,65,77,89,108,118,158],"not":[3,78,90,109],"just":[4],"the":[5,18,34,51,66,72,81,106,114,137,145,153],"absence":[6],"of":[7,20,37,53,69,75,86,102,113,155,160,165,167],"war;":[8],"peace":[9,60,126],"means":[10,150,152],"basically":[11],"justice":[12],"and":[13,29,40,95,125,131,142,176],"brotherhood,":[14],"love.":[15],"Nicaragua":[16,21,76],"\u2014":[17,22],"people":[19],"fought":[23],"an":[24,38,111],"armed":[25],"revolution":[26,121],"against":[27],"injustice":[28],"for":[30,83,127],"real":[31,67],"peace:":[32],"war,":[33],"violent":[35],"destruction":[36],"oppressive":[39],"inhuman":[41],"regime,":[42],"more":[44],"than":[45],"justified":[46],"if":[47],"its":[48,87,128],"aim":[49],"creation":[52],"a":[54,99,120,161],"society":[55,141],"where":[56],"men":[57,170],"live":[58],"in":[59],"with":[61],"each":[62],"other;":[63],"this":[64,133],"message":[68],"Christ.":[70],"Consequently,":[71],"revolutionary":[73],"government":[74],"only":[79,91,110],"creating":[80],"conditions":[82],"economic":[84],"development":[85],"people,":[88,115],"building":[92],"schools,":[93],"hospitals":[94],"has":[96,143],"embarked":[97],"on":[98],"successful":[100],"campaign":[101],"alpha":[103],"betization,":[104],"here":[105],"army":[107,112],"but":[116],"it":[117],"also":[119],"that":[122],"preaches":[123],"brotherhood":[124],"former":[129,138],"enemies,":[130],"practices":[132],"by":[134],"re":[135],"integrating":[136],"oppressors":[139],"into":[140],"abolished":[144],"death":[146],"penalty.":[147],"Revolu":[148],"tion":[149],"change,":[151],"application":[154],"Christian":[156],"principles,":[157],"part":[159],"world-wide":[162],"historical":[163],"process":[164],"evolution,":[166],"reconciliation":[168],"between":[169,174],"as":[171,173],"well":[172],"man":[175],"nature.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}