{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992066191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","title":"The Roles and Challenges of Parole Officers in Reintegrating Prisoners into the Community under the Parole System","display_name":"The Roles and Challenges of Parole Officers in Reintegrating Prisoners into the Community under the Parole System","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992066191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","mag":"1992066191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104917558","display_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"1877-0428","issn":["1877-0428"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080632242","display_name":"Zaiton Hamin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zaiton Hamin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law,Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam /Fellow, Accounting Research Institute,UiTM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law,Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam /Fellow, Accounting Research Institute,UiTM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072176779","display_name":"Rafizah Abu Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2671-1551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2671-1551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafizah Abu Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law,Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law,Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080632242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17346939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":null,"first_page":"324","last_page":"332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.7865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.7865999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.20999999344348907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parole-officers","display_name":"parole officers","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parole-system","display_name":"parole system","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prisoner-reentry","display_name":"prisoner reentry","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prisoner-rehabilitation","display_name":"prisoner rehabilitation","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statutory-duties","display_name":"statutory obligations","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.6070629954338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5389379262924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.42672210931777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4206453859806061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.3816995322704315}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104917558","display_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"1877-0428","issn":["1877-0428"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104917558","display_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"1877-0428","issn":["1877-0428"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97713326","https://openalex.org/W191864405","https://openalex.org/W202320145","https://openalex.org/W391037896","https://openalex.org/W1575183744","https://openalex.org/W1576460547","https://openalex.org/W1585516222","https://openalex.org/W1599810598","https://openalex.org/W1845999823","https://openalex.org/W1991119931","https://openalex.org/W2026938074","https://openalex.org/W2058326515","https://openalex.org/W2106329120","https://openalex.org/W2116295297","https://openalex.org/W2135202774","https://openalex.org/W2135868669","https://openalex.org/W2139552400","https://openalex.org/W2145149100","https://openalex.org/W2156355261","https://openalex.org/W2975116819","https://openalex.org/W2999744897","https://openalex.org/W3133993158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7014379803","https://openalex.org/W2906301410","https://openalex.org/W2776559904","https://openalex.org/W7219998998","https://openalex.org/W4394895117","https://openalex.org/W4384694925","https://openalex.org/W2737218670","https://openalex.org/W288125837","https://openalex.org/W4406043648","https://openalex.org/W6991071598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"recently":[1],"introduced":[2],"parole":[3,24,53,71,96],"system":[4],"in":[5,59,78,84,98],"Malaysia":[6],"aims":[7],"at":[8],"rehabilitating":[9,33],"and":[10,34,55,75,91],"ensuring":[11],"prisoner's":[12],"successful":[13],"reintegration":[14],"into":[15,101],"the":[16,23,37,50,61,67,85,89,92,102],"community.":[17,103],"In":[18],"discharging":[19],"their":[20,56,80],"statutory":[21,81],"duties,":[22,82],"officers":[25,54,72,97],"are":[26],"subjected":[27],"to":[28],"two":[29],"essential":[30],"functions":[31],"of":[32,36,52,70,95],"surveillance":[35,90],"prisoners.":[38],"Drawn":[39],"from":[40],"an":[41],"ongoing":[42],"doctoral":[43],"study,":[44],"this":[45],"paper":[46,64],"focuses":[47],"on":[48],"examining":[49],"roles":[51,69,94],"various":[57],"challenges":[58],"implementing":[60],"system,":[62],"This":[63],"reveals":[65],"that":[66],"dual":[68],"pose":[73],"legal":[74],"operational":[76],"dilemmas":[77],"performing":[79],"resulting":[83],"tenuous":[86],"balance":[87],"between":[88],"rehabilitation":[93],"reintegrating":[99],"prisoners":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
