{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992058697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1670/09-180.1","title":"Using Mitochondrial DNA to Determine the Identity and Origin of a Gartersnake Found in Alaska","display_name":"Using Mitochondrial DNA to Determine the Identity and Origin of a Gartersnake Found in Alaska","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992058697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1670/09-180.1","mag":"1992058697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1670/09-180.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1670/09-180.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1670/09-180.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67795522","display_name":"Journal of Herpetology","issn_l":"0022-1511","issn":["0022-1511","1937-2418"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800685","host_organization_name":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800685"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Herpetology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7274/32350914","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007035919","display_name":"Lorin A. Neuman\u2010Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-5686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-5686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lorin A. Neuman-Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033001511","display_name":"Suzanne E. McGaugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3163-3436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3163-3436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne E. McGaugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA","#N#3#N#Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA#N#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#3#N#Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006579295","display_name":"Michael E. Pfrender","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6861-0655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6861-0655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pfrender","raw_affiliation_strings":["4Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046204547","display_name":"Fredric J. Janzen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-196X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-196X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredric J. Janzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007035919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56161434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"1","first_page":"63","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10332","display_name":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","score":0.12610000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14399","display_name":"Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-dna","display_name":"mitochondrial DNA","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytochrome-b","display_name":"cytochrome b","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-reconstruction","display_name":"phylogenetic inference","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haplotype-analysis","display_name":"haplotype analysis","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/introduced-species","display_name":"introduced species","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relict-populations","display_name":"relict populations","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-colonization","display_name":"natural colonization","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alaska","display_name":"Alaska","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9143657088279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24586158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27075","display_name":"Mitochondrial DNA","level":3,"score":0.8142728805541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.6476770043373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.6292848587036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5782849192619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79029880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901755","display_name":"GenBank","level":3,"score":0.531455397605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.499497652053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.4670751392841339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.4568808972835541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195054827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504568","display_name":"Founder effect","level":5,"score":0.4462939202785492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.30122795701026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.18316176533699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.16270288825035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1341417133808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1670/09-180.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1670/09-180.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1670/09-180.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67795522","display_name":"Journal of Herpetology","issn_l":"0022-1511","issn":["0022-1511","1937-2418"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800685","host_organization_name":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800685"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Herpetology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:10.1670/09-180.1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1670/09-180.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/32350914","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Using_mitochondrial_DNA_to_determine_the_identity_and_origin_of_a_gartersnake_found_in_Alaska/32350914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.7274/32350914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7274/32350914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7274/32350914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053147","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.7274/32350914.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7274/32350914.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7274/32350914.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053147","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7274/32350914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7274/32350914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7274/32350914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053147","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311090","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311760","display_name":"Eastern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/035z2ew45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483247593","https://openalex.org/W1969509457","https://openalex.org/W1999088436","https://openalex.org/W2032667610","https://openalex.org/W2080925257","https://openalex.org/W2082928585","https://openalex.org/W2100372550","https://openalex.org/W2101846955","https://openalex.org/W2101856365","https://openalex.org/W2106641334","https://openalex.org/W2106882534","https://openalex.org/W2115267233","https://openalex.org/W2119881762","https://openalex.org/W2133501143","https://openalex.org/W2140342712","https://openalex.org/W2152204034","https://openalex.org/W2163428950","https://openalex.org/W2316273599","https://openalex.org/W2322546370","https://openalex.org/W4253967233","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400044652","https://openalex.org/W7098702130","https://openalex.org/W2956021657","https://openalex.org/W1996065678","https://openalex.org/W1969509457","https://openalex.org/W2140342712","https://openalex.org/W3013973891","https://openalex.org/W3165672647","https://openalex.org/W6930624316","https://openalex.org/W7168275679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,143],"an":[1],"era":[2],"of":[3,34,43,78,86,140,145],"rapidly":[4],"changing":[5],"environments":[6],"and":[7,11,75,91,99,115,128],"greater":[8],"human":[9],"mobility":[10],"penetration":[12],"into":[13],"wild":[14],"areas,":[15],"organisms":[16],"are":[17,57],"being":[18],"discovered":[19],"in":[20,37,104],"increasingly":[21],"unexpected":[22],"places.":[23],"One":[24],"such":[25],"finding":[26],"is":[27,125],"a":[28,47,68,132,156,159,164],"road-killed":[29],"juvenile":[30],"gartersnake":[31],"(Thamnophis)":[32],"outside":[33],"Haines,":[35],"Alaska,":[36],"August":[38],"2005.":[39],"The":[40],"poor":[41],"condition":[42],"the":[44,73,79,96,105,122,135,150,153],"specimen":[45,98,124,154],"prevented":[46],"positive":[48],"identification":[49],"based":[50],"on":[51],"morphology":[52],"alone.":[53],"Furthermore,":[54],"no":[55],"snakes":[56],"known":[58],"to":[59,62,71],"be":[60],"native":[61],"this":[63],"region.":[64],"We":[65,81],"therefore":[66],"undertook":[67],"molecular":[69],"approach":[70],"determine":[72],"species":[74],"geographic":[76],"origin":[77],"individual.":[80],"sequenced":[82],"two":[83],"partial":[84],"loci":[85],"mitochondrial":[87],"DNA":[88],"(cytochrome":[89],"b":[90],"NADH":[92],"subunit":[93],"2)":[94],"from":[95,102],"Alaska":[97,123],"seven":[100],"specimens":[101],"localities":[103],"lower":[106],"northwestern":[107],"United":[108],"States.":[109],"Phylogenetic":[110],"reconstruction":[111],"using":[112],"our":[113],"sequences":[114],"additional":[116],"GenBank":[117],"samples":[118],"unambiguously":[119],"revealed":[120],"that":[121,129,152],"Thamnophis":[126],"ordinoides":[127],"it":[130],"shares":[131],"haplotype":[133],"with":[134],"northernmost":[136],"sampled":[137],"Washington":[138],"population":[139],"T.":[141],"ordinoides.":[142],"light":[144],"these":[146],"analyses,":[147],"we":[148],"assess":[149],"likelihood":[151],"represents":[155],"relict":[157],"population,":[158],"recent":[160],"natural":[161],"colonization,":[162],"or":[163],"fresh":[165],"introduction.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
