{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992025567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","title":"Economic evaluation and health care. What does it mean?","display_name":"Economic evaluation and health care. What does it mean?","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992025567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","mag":"1992025567","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8401057","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1678982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/307/6905/670.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/307/6905/670.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102952338","display_name":"Ray Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7297-8249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7297-8249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of Southampton"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of Southampton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102952338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.8514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":248,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99278326,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"307","issue":"6905","first_page":"670","last_page":"673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10841","display_name":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12010","display_name":"Evaluation and Performance Assessment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-evaluation","display_name":"economic evaluation","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-for-money","display_name":"value for money","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-minimization-analysis","display_name":"cost-minimization analysis","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness-analysis","display_name":"cost-effectiveness analysis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-utility-analysis","display_name":"cost-utility analysis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-benefit-analysis","display_name":"cost-benefit analysis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-economics","display_name":"health economics","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-health-service","display_name":"National Health Service","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.8799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777611551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17951","display_name":"Jargon","level":2,"score":0.7382385730743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.5905984044075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391886","display_name":"Economic evaluation","level":2,"score":0.5900310277938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.5225826501846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4623402953147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.435823917388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.4285143315792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.42460164427757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3695743680000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3502058684825897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.32927948236465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.21940088272094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1624670922756195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167562979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271857","display_name":"Classical economics","level":1,"score":0.13980793952941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10371208190917969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013222","descriptor_name":"State Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017046","descriptor_name":"Cost Savings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017048","descriptor_name":"Health Care Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/307/6905/670.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:384775","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1678982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8401057","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8401057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/867768","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Economic+Evaluation+and+Health+Care:+What+Does+It+Mean?&title=BRITISH+MEDICAL+JOURNAL+&volume=307&issue=6905&spage=673&date=1993-09&au=Robinson,+Ray","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:132324","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.670","pdf_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/307/6905/670.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393911389","display_name":"BMJ","issn_l":"0007-1447","issn":["0007-1447","0267-0623","1468-5833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1992025567.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1992025567.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24744716","https://openalex.org/W1967443705","https://openalex.org/W1986578153","https://openalex.org/W2043855198","https://openalex.org/W2085972850","https://openalex.org/W2101499551","https://openalex.org/W2116130863","https://openalex.org/W2126699117","https://openalex.org/W2139490154","https://openalex.org/W2151315147","https://openalex.org/W2336006728","https://openalex.org/W7030401750","https://openalex.org/W7034265690","https://openalex.org/W7067156561","https://openalex.org/W7067278452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2431394311","https://openalex.org/W2291133433","https://openalex.org/W2421851333","https://openalex.org/W2067644018","https://openalex.org/W3134638415","https://openalex.org/W123908341","https://openalex.org/W2288020173","https://openalex.org/W2123998905","https://openalex.org/W4416741179","https://openalex.org/W2548617360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ever":[0],"since":[1],"the":[2,14,31,45,52,60,67,70,75,81],"concept":[3],"of":[4,23,34,54,69,99,110],"value":[5,120],"for":[6,97],"money":[7],"in":[8,89,134],"health":[9],"care":[10],"was":[11],"introduced":[12],"into":[13],"NHS,":[15],"economic":[16,35,55],"terms":[17],"and":[18,57,113],"jargon":[19],"have":[20],"become":[21],"part":[22],"our":[24],"everyday":[25],"lives--but":[26],"do":[27,106],"we":[28],"understand":[29],"what":[30],"different":[32],"types":[33],"evaluation":[36],"all":[37],"mean,":[38],"particularly":[39],"those":[40],"that":[41],"sound":[42],"similar":[43],"to":[44,51],"uninitiated?":[46],"This":[47],"article":[48],"introduces":[49],"readers":[50],"purpose":[53],"evaluation,":[56],"briefly":[58],"explains":[59],"differences":[61],"between":[62],"cost-minimisation":[63],"analysis":[64,78,102,115],"(used":[65,79,103,116],"when":[66,80,104,117],"outcomes":[68,82,105],"procedures":[71],"being":[72,122],"compared":[73],"are":[74],"same);":[76],"cost-effectiveness":[77],"may":[83],"vary,":[84],"but":[85],"can":[86],"be":[87],"expressed":[88],"common":[90],"natural":[91],"units,":[92],"such":[93],"as":[94],"mm":[95],"Hg":[96],"treatments":[98],"hypertension);":[100],"cost-utility":[101],"vary--for":[107],"example,":[108],"quality":[109],"life":[111],"scales);":[112],"cost-benefit":[114],"a":[118],"monetary":[119],"is":[121],"placed":[123],"on":[124],"services":[125],"received).":[126],"Further":[127],"articles":[128],"will":[129],"deal":[130],"with":[131],"each":[132],"one":[133],"more":[135],"detail.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}