{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992016352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652399","title":"Level set based vertebra segmentation for the evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis","display_name":"Level set based vertebra segmentation for the evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992016352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652399","mag":"1992016352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.652399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058997064","display_name":"Sovira Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-2738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-2738","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8388-9601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sovira Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695406","display_name":"Jianhua Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9157-9596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9157-9596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052860753","display_name":"Michael M. Ward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-9367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-9367"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael M. Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111504977","display_name":"Lawrence Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-2207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-2207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016047550","display_name":"Ronald M. Summers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-7376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-7376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald M. Summers","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institutes of Health, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77895191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6144","issue":null,"first_page":"614407","last_page":"614407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.698199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.698199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.3005000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11092","display_name":"Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankylosing-spondylitis","display_name":"ankylosing spondylitis","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebral-segmentation","display_name":"vertebral segmentation","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-set-method","display_name":"level set method","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesic-active-contours","display_name":"geodesic active contours","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syndesmophytes","display_name":"syndesmophytes","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-plates","display_name":"end plates","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ct-images","display_name":"CT images","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153008295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535093","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","level":2,"score":0.6865599155426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52849","display_name":"Ankylosing spondylitis","level":2,"score":0.639838695526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6386880278587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6232590675354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180323","display_name":"Vertebra","level":2,"score":0.6224588751792908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6187759637832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5634450316429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5376307964324951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018239782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502781","display_name":"Intervertebral disk","level":3,"score":0.4141843616962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3610868453979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2590130865573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25504153966903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21900945901870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.14013779163360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.13153481483459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.652399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1238092070","https://openalex.org/W2076276957","https://openalex.org/W2128984960","https://openalex.org/W2147985651","https://openalex.org/W2149184914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150241378","https://openalex.org/W2118303481","https://openalex.org/W2048867337","https://openalex.org/W2917042578","https://openalex.org/W1620008041","https://openalex.org/W2294105288","https://openalex.org/W2123414669","https://openalex.org/W2895024963","https://openalex.org/W7038405657","https://openalex.org/W2118237321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ankylosing":[0],"Spondylitis":[1],"is":[2,21,35,62,111,129,149],"a":[3,75,80,114],"disease":[4],"of":[5,58,82,107,136,169,185,194,209],"the":[6,59,66,71,95,98,104,134,137,156,166,170,182,186,195,216],"vertebra":[7,138],"where":[8],"abnormal":[9],"bone":[10,188],"structures":[11,68],"(syndesmophytes)":[12],"grow":[13],"at":[14,218,233],"intervertebral":[15,219],"disk":[16,220],"spaces.":[17],"Because":[18],"this":[19],"growth":[20],"so":[22],"slow":[23],"as":[24,151],"to":[25,37,39,42,64,131],"be":[26],"undetectable":[27],"on":[28,51,79,203,223],"plain":[29],"radiographs":[30],"taken":[31],"over":[32],"years,":[33],"it":[34],"necessary":[36],"resort":[38],"computerized":[40],"techniques":[41],"complement":[43],"qualitative":[44],"human":[45],"judgment":[46],"with":[47],"precise":[48],"quantitative":[49],"measures":[50],"3-D":[52],"CT":[53],"images.":[54],"Very":[55],"fine":[56],"segmentation":[57,76,231],"vertebral":[60,99,234],"body":[61,100],"required":[63],"capture":[65],"small":[67,192],"caused":[69],"by":[70,113],"pathology.":[72],"We":[73,198],"propose":[74],"algorithm":[77],"based":[78],"cascade":[81],"three":[83],"level":[84,108,124,158,161,175,179],"set":[85,109,125,159,176],"stages":[86],"and":[87,143,189,226,239],"requiring":[88],"no":[89],"training":[90],"or":[91],"prior":[92],"knowledge.":[93],"First,":[94],"noise":[96],"inside":[97],"that":[101,163],"often":[102,140],"blocks":[103],"proper":[105],"evolution":[106],"surfaces":[110],"attenuated":[112],"sigmoid":[115],"function":[116],"whose":[117],"parameters":[118],"are":[119],"determined":[120],"automatically.":[121],"The":[122,147,173],"1st":[123],"(geodesic":[126],"active":[127],"contour)":[128],"designed":[130],"roughly":[132],"segment":[133],"interior":[135],"despite":[139],"highly":[141],"inhomogeneous":[142],"even":[144],"discontinuous":[145],"boundaries.":[146],"result":[148],"used":[150],"an":[152],"initial":[153],"contour":[154],"for":[155],"2nd":[157],"(Laplacian":[160],"set)":[162,180],"closely":[164],"captures":[165],"inner":[167],"boundary":[168,184],"cortical":[171,187],"bone.":[172],"last":[174],"(reversed":[177],"Laplacian":[178],"segments":[181],"outer":[183],"also":[190],"corrects":[191],"flaws":[193],"previous":[196],"stage.":[197],"carried":[199],"out":[200],"extensive":[201],"tests":[202],"30":[204],"vertebrae":[205],"(5":[206],"from":[207],"each":[208],"6":[210],"patients).":[211],"Two":[212],"medical":[213],"experts":[214],"scored":[215],"results":[217],"spaces":[221],"focusing":[222],"end":[224,235],"plates":[225,236],"syndesmophytes.":[227],"Only":[228],"two":[229,240],"minor":[230],"errors":[232],"were":[237,242],"reported":[238],"syndesmophytes":[241],"considered":[243],"slightly":[244],"under-segmented.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
