{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991995655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138945006778226624","title":"Cytotoxic Potential of Phenothiazines","display_name":"Cytotoxic Potential of Phenothiazines","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991995655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138945006778226624","mag":"1991995655","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17017885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/138945006778226624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138945006778226624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138945006778226624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140884253","display_name":"Current Drug Targets","issn_l":"1389-4501","issn":["1389-4501","1873-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113764198","display_name":"Noboru Motohashi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23172683","display_name":"Meiji Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wm7p047","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23172683"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noboru Motohashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan. noborumotohashi@jcom.home.ne.jp","Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan. noborumotohashi@jcom.home.ne.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23172683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23172683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047782812","display_name":"Masami Kawase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-2553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-2553"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masami Kawase","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103410788","display_name":"Kazue Satoh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazue Satoh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003433490","display_name":"Hiroshi Sakagami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8001-2121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8001-2121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23172683","display_name":"Meiji Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wm7p047","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23172683"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Sakagami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23172683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003433490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23172683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83034094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"9","first_page":"1055","last_page":"1066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13454","display_name":"Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13454","display_name":"Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12356","display_name":"Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents","score":0.02969999983906746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11845","display_name":"Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenothiazines","display_name":"phenothiazines","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-activity","display_name":"anticancer activity","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-interaction","display_name":"DNA interaction","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-chemical-calculations","display_name":"quantum chemical calculations","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiation","display_name":"differentiation","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiproliferative-activity","display_name":"antiproliferative activity","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radical-scavenging-activity","display_name":"free radical scavenging","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimutagenic-activity","display_name":"antimutagenic activity","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistance-reversal","display_name":"multidrug resistance reversal","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benz-c-acridine","display_name":"benz[c]acridine","score":0.9350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.6784105896949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6393282413482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133936738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643839","display_name":"Multiple drug resistance","level":3,"score":0.6143388748168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.5494477152824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5063329935073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781081902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3539074","display_name":"Tricyclic","level":2,"score":0.47466281056404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.47257840633392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116073593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864491","display_name":"Biological activity","level":3,"score":0.47186583280563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.4660651981830597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4373897612094879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.4269990921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3017241954803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3015606701374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.28214889764785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.28080737590789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.24293017387390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19557157158851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.09111720323562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08814340829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07701078057289124}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010640","descriptor_name":"Phenothiazines","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010640","descriptor_name":"Phenothiazines","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010640","descriptor_name":"Phenothiazines","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010640","descriptor_name":"Phenothiazines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013329","descriptor_name":"Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053938","descriptor_name":"DNA Fragmentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/138945006778226624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138945006778226624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/138945006778226624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140884253","display_name":"Current Drug Targets","issn_l":"1389-4501","issn":["1389-4501","1873-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17017885","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17017885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current drug targets","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104832934","https://openalex.org/W2398652986","https://openalex.org/W1986210161","https://openalex.org/W2889756293","https://openalex.org/W2012212858","https://openalex.org/W4375946420","https://openalex.org/W4387784534","https://openalex.org/W2408693098","https://openalex.org/W1665753482","https://openalex.org/W2468203632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phenothiazines,":[0],"a":[1],"kind":[2],"of":[3,41,45,87,94],"sulfur-containing":[4],"tricyclic":[5],"compounds,":[6],"have":[7,25],"diverse":[8],"biological":[9,43],"activities":[10,17,44],"including":[11],"tranquilizer,":[12],"antibacterial,":[13],"antitumor":[14,65],"and":[15,47,97],"antihelmintic":[16],"due":[18],"to":[19,35],"the":[20,36,58],"relatively":[21],"lower":[22],"cytotoxicity.":[23],"Phenothiazines":[24],"been":[26,52],"used":[27],"for":[28],"clinical":[29],"treatments":[30],"as":[31],"psychotropics.":[32],"In":[33],"contrast":[34],"psychotropic":[37],"preparations,":[38],"their":[39,48],"information":[40],"other":[42],"phenothiazines":[46],"related":[49],"compounds":[50],"has":[51],"limited.":[53],"This":[54],"review":[55],"article":[56],"summarizes":[57],"interaction":[59],"with":[60],"DNA":[61],"(using":[62],"quantum":[63],"calculation),":[64],"activity,":[66,70,76,79,81,83,85],"differentiation":[67],"or":[68],"apoptosis-inducing":[69],"tumor":[71],"necrosis":[72],"factor":[73],"(TNF)-induction,":[74],"antiproliferative":[75],"radical":[77],"scavenging":[78],"antimutagenic":[80],"antiplasmid":[82],"antibacterial":[84],"reversal":[86],"multidrug":[88],"resistance":[89],"(MDR),":[90],"blast":[91],"transformation":[92],"activity":[93],"phenothiazines,":[95],"benz[c]acridines":[96],"benzo[a]phenothiazines.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}