{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991978294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","title":"Discrepancies in air density determination between the thermodynamic formula and a gravimetric method: evidence for a new value of the mole fraction of argon in air","display_name":"Discrepancies in air density determination between the thermodynamic formula and a gravimetric method: evidence for a new value of the mole fraction of argon in air","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991978294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","mag":"1991978294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108303504","display_name":"A. Picard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I883101600","display_name":"Bureau international des poids et mesures","ror":"https://ror.org/055vkyj43","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Picard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92310 S\u00e8vres, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92310 S\u00e8vres, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101492430","display_name":"H. Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-1212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-1212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I883101600","display_name":"Bureau international des poids et mesures","ror":"https://ror.org/055vkyj43","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92310 S\u00e8vres, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92310 S\u00e8vres, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109143545","display_name":"M. Gl\u00e4ser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Gl\u00e4ser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0808,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95045695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"6","first_page":"396","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-density","display_name":"air density","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moist-air","display_name":"humid air","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoyancy-correction","display_name":"buoyancy correction","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifacts","display_name":"artifacts","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"nitrogen","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equation-of-state-accuracy","display_name":"equation of state accuracy","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-composition","display_name":"atmospheric composition","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96278889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192414","display_name":"Gravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.8618855476379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36591836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125264","display_name":"Mole fraction","level":2,"score":0.7120918035507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5810479521751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547737533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696","display_name":"Argon","level":2,"score":0.5295857787132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4523688852787018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44953209161758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.34678906202316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3400711417198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.26712766289711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18969064950942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18078657984733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1652609407901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.12338271737098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.12219136953353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.05778020620346069}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/006/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322103","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1991978294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1991978294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343611443","https://openalex.org/W1983674049","https://openalex.org/W1996400044","https://openalex.org/W2006080215","https://openalex.org/W2025444673","https://openalex.org/W2036775982","https://openalex.org/W2046841466","https://openalex.org/W2089218188","https://openalex.org/W2122284072","https://openalex.org/W2158380772","https://openalex.org/W2600601813","https://openalex.org/W3033493388","https://openalex.org/W4232917412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122284072","https://openalex.org/W2021464369","https://openalex.org/W2009377638","https://openalex.org/W1991730886","https://openalex.org/W1987125035","https://openalex.org/W1840615698","https://openalex.org/W2036775982","https://openalex.org/W2046841466","https://openalex.org/W2158380772","https://openalex.org/W2892044166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,18,21,34,63,78,100,104,113,121,126,130,149,152,155,159,165,172,189,207,213,219,225,228,233],"comparison":[2,119],"in":[3,80,83,115,170,194,206],"air":[4,25,81,95,136,156],"of":[5,14,20,23,36,40,89,120,154,167,175,192,212,231,235],"mass":[6,65],"standards":[7],"having":[8,62],"different":[9,71],"volumes,":[10],"major":[12],"source":[13],"uncertainty":[15],"arises":[16],"from":[17,197],"determination":[19,222],"density":[22,96,123,157,234],"moist":[24,135,236],"(buoyancy":[26],"correction).":[27],"The":[28,118],"method":[29,47],"being":[30],"commonly":[31],"used":[32,50],"is":[33,56,162],"application":[35],"a":[37,45,53,86,139,198],"recommended":[38],"equation":[39],"state":[41],"(CIPM":[42],"81/91":[43,209,215],"formula);":[44],"second":[46],"developed":[48],"and":[49,66,82,102],"by":[51,76,99,103,125,164],"only":[52],"few":[54],"laboratories":[55],"based":[57],"on":[58],"two":[59,127,229],"special":[60],"artefacts":[61,79,101],"same":[64],"surface":[67],"area":[68],"but":[69,137],"very":[70],"volumes.":[72],"Comparisons":[73],"carried":[74,110],"out":[75,111],"weighing":[77],"vacuum":[84],"revealed":[85],"relative":[87],"discrepancy":[88,131,142,226],"6.4":[90],"\u00d7":[91],"10":[92],"\u22125":[93],"between":[94,227],"as":[97],"measured":[98],"CIPM":[105,160,208,214],"formula.":[106,210],"Additional":[107],"measurements":[108],"were":[109],"at":[112],"BIPM":[114],"dry":[116,144],"nitrogen.":[117,145],"gas":[122],"obtained":[124,133],"methods":[128,230],"confirmed":[129],"already":[132],"for":[134,143,188,204],"showed":[138],"much":[140],"smaller":[141],"These":[146],"results":[147],"reinforce":[148],"hypothesis":[150],"that":[151],"accuracy":[153],"using":[158],"formula":[161,216],"limited":[163],"estimation":[166],"its":[168],"composition,":[169],"particular":[171],"mole":[173,190],"fraction":[174,191],"argon":[176,193,221],"which":[177],"may":[178],"be":[179],"underestimated.":[180],"To":[181],"test":[182],"this":[183],"hypothesis,":[184],"an":[185],"alternative":[186],"value":[187],"air,":[195],"arising":[196],"recent":[199,220],"redetermination,":[200],"has":[201],"been":[202],"considered":[203],"use":[205],"Modification":[211],"to":[217],"include":[218],"would":[223],"remove":[224],"determining":[232],"air.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}