{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991966558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/13.4.458","title":"Prototypical Paradigms and Questions in Life-Span Research on Development and Aging","display_name":"Prototypical Paradigms and Questions in Life-Span Research on Development and Aging","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991966558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/13.4.458","mag":"1991966558","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4789521"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/geront/13.4.458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/13.4.458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/13.4.458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130337233","display_name":"The Gerontologist","issn_l":"0016-9013","issn":["0016-9013","1758-5341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Gerontologist","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077002731","display_name":"Paul B. Baltes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. B. Baltes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Individual and Family Studies, College of Human Development, Pennsylvania State Univ University Park 16802"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Individual and Family Studies, College of Human Development, Pennsylvania State Univ University Park 16802","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077002731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":4408,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4408},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95930233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"458","last_page":"467"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13419","display_name":"Ego Development and Educational Practices","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifespan-development","display_name":"lifespan development","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-aging","display_name":"psychological aging","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/man-environment-interaction","display_name":"man-environment interaction","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-aging","display_name":"anti-aging","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.7810425758361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988516024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441195","display_name":"Life span","level":2,"score":0.7532923221588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6249189376831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781256819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16828835","display_name":"Antecedent (behavioral psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6081870794296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5593269467353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281658","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.552066445350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5400446653366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.5248894095420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4516911506652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778175527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Successful aging","level":2,"score":0.4177033305168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.39558398723602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22715479135513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.22184798121452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15069696307182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.12251070141792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09690931439399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07713264226913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/geront/13.4.458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/13.4.458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/13.4.458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130337233","display_name":"The Gerontologist","issn_l":"0016-9013","issn":["0016-9013","1758-5341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Gerontologist","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4789521","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4789521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Gerontologist","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:2867","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/2867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gerontologist, v.14, 458-467 (1973)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_2103467","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0025-A62B-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3221570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-428A-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Gerontologist","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3221800","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-4480-C","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3237559","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-8B0C-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3239179","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-975C-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3239521","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-99AE-A","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W112636560","https://openalex.org/W2063855134","https://openalex.org/W2025228908","https://openalex.org/W1977971524","https://openalex.org/W2149724634","https://openalex.org/W2096790927","https://openalex.org/W2051337811","https://openalex.org/W2794789418","https://openalex.org/W2315661116","https://openalex.org/W2937715279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Model":[0],"characteristics":[1],"of":[2,9,19,26,35,42,58,61,65,77,94,100,111,126],"a":[3,16,56,62,74,86,91,107,136],"life-span":[4,63,75],"approach":[5],"to":[6,23,116],"the":[7,24,95,112,124,132],"study":[8],"psychological":[10,83],"aging":[11,38,66,78,84,96,113,133],"are":[12,67],"reviewed.":[13],"Focusing":[14],"on":[15],"selected":[17],"set":[18],"model":[20],"attributes":[21],"related":[22],"tasks":[25],"describing,":[27],"explaining,":[28],"and":[29,32,37,102,106,119],"modifying":[30],"intraindividual":[31],"interindividual":[33],"patterns":[34],"development":[36],"(continuity":[39],"vs.":[40,46],"discontinuity":[41],"antecedent-consequent":[43],"relationships,":[44,50],"concurrent":[45],"historical":[47],"paradigms,":[48],"time-lag":[49],"treatment":[51],"by":[52],"history":[53],"interactions,":[54],"etc.),":[55],"number":[57],"questions":[59],"prototypical":[60],"view":[64,76,110],"derived.":[68],"The":[69],"primary":[70],"conclusion":[71],"is":[72],"that":[73],"redirects":[79],"conventional":[80],"thinking":[81],"about":[82],"as":[85],"fixed":[87],"decrement":[88],"phenomenon":[89],"toward":[90],"systematic":[92],"analysis":[93],"process":[97,114,134],"in":[98,135],"terms":[99],"dynamic":[101],"interactive":[103],"man-environment":[104],"systems":[105],"more":[108],"variable":[109],"relative":[115],"its":[117],"form":[118],"directionality.":[120],"Furthermore,":[121],"it":[122],"facilitates":[123],"conceptualization":[125],"prevention":[127],"efforts":[128],"aimed":[129],"at":[130],"optimizing":[131],"changing":[137],"society.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
