{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991891111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","title":"Challenges of Internationalization for SMEs and Overcoming these Challenges: A Case Study from Turkey","display_name":"Challenges of Internationalization for SMEs and Overcoming these Challenges: A Case Study from Turkey","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991891111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","mag":"1991891111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814050514/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104917558","display_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"1877-0428","issn":["1877-0428"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814050514/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037314538","display_name":"Mujdelen Ipek Yener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-9845","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-9845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74897591","display_name":"Marmara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kswqa67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M\u00fcjdelen Yener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marmara University, \u0130stanbul, 34180, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marmara University, \u0130stanbul, 34180, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004029184","display_name":"Bar\u0131\u015f Do\u011fruo\u011flu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74897591","display_name":"Marmara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kswqa67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bar\u0131\u015f Do\u011fruo\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marmara University, \u0130stanbul, 34180, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marmara University, \u0130stanbul, 34180, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025471488","display_name":"Sinem Ergun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74897591","display_name":"Marmara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kswqa67","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinem Ergun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marmara University, \u0130stanbul, 34180, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marmara University, \u0130stanbul, 34180, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037314538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98887515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"150","issue":null,"first_page":"2","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization","display_name":"internationalization","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importers","display_name":"importers","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-challenges","display_name":"internationalization challenges","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty","display_name":"uncertainty","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-experience","display_name":"managerial experience","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkey","display_name":"Turkey","score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.9696356654167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6477653384208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780565519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208937","display_name":"Multitude","level":2,"score":0.6108853816986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5597845315933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5566005706787109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.42930787801742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179454799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132151","display_name":"Ethnography","level":2,"score":0.4256584048271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.35798364877700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3533005118370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24178260564804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21973472833633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.15056994557380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12048739194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814050514/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104917558","display_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"1877-0428","issn":["1877-0428"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.marmara.edu.tr:11424/223452","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.marmara.edu.tr/bitstreams/16a9570e-1f27-4716-90d8-b7447cc9da5d/download","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401380","display_name":"Dspace Repository (Marmara \u00dcniversitesi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74897591","host_organization_name":"Marmara University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.marmara.edu.tr:11424/95263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11424/95263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401380","display_name":"Dspace Repository (Marmara \u00dcniversitesi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74897591","host_organization_name":"Marmara University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74897591"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814050514/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104917558","display_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"1877-0428","issn":["1877-0428"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5263000130653381,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1991891111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1991891111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75103247","https://openalex.org/W564120390","https://openalex.org/W564216171","https://openalex.org/W1013187931","https://openalex.org/W1527311855","https://openalex.org/W1537186526","https://openalex.org/W1981786532","https://openalex.org/W1990631438","https://openalex.org/W2012370212","https://openalex.org/W2029209209","https://openalex.org/W2029434306","https://openalex.org/W2053454827","https://openalex.org/W2074784020","https://openalex.org/W2094295046","https://openalex.org/W2127709152","https://openalex.org/W2141501860","https://openalex.org/W2166647838","https://openalex.org/W2184861065","https://openalex.org/W3124537888","https://openalex.org/W3141532068","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6931308470","https://openalex.org/W4404826786","https://openalex.org/W1594738445","https://openalex.org/W265003493","https://openalex.org/W2793988198","https://openalex.org/W4404123191","https://openalex.org/W1860510119","https://openalex.org/W4396761553","https://openalex.org/W4404084670","https://openalex.org/W3082695432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internationalization":[0],"of":[1,11,22,76,94,119],"SMEs":[2],"has":[3,55,67],"been":[4,56,68],"a":[5,9,80,88,112,124],"topic":[6],"researched":[7],"in":[8,52,111,127],"multitude":[10],"views.":[12],"Differing":[13],"scholars":[14],"have":[15],"tackled":[16],"the":[17,42,71,74,86,92],"subject":[18],"from":[19,60],"different":[20,77],"points":[21],"view":[23],"and":[24,73,101,117],"found":[25,107],"out":[26],"that":[27,54,108],"there":[28],"is":[29,96,106],"not":[30],"one":[31],"single":[32],"path":[33],"to":[34,39,69],"internationalization.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37,48,85],"aims":[38],"build":[40],"on":[41,49],"previous":[43],"literature":[44],"by":[45],"applying":[46],"ethnographic":[47],"an":[50,57],"SME":[51,89],"Turkey":[53],"active":[58],"importer":[59],"Germany":[61],"since":[62],"its":[63],"inception.":[64],"The":[65],"aim":[66],"find":[70],"connections":[72],"applications":[75],"theorems":[78],"for":[79],"small":[81],"firm.":[82],"Through":[83,99],"this":[84],"challenges":[87],"faces":[90],"during":[91],"process":[93],"internationalization":[95],"also":[97],"highlighted.":[98],"observations":[100],"personal":[102],"interviews":[103],"conducted,":[104],"it":[105],"uncertainties,":[109],"conflicts":[110],"network,":[113],"profitable":[114],"domestic":[115],"market":[116],"lack":[118],"experienced":[120],"management":[121],"involvement":[122],"hold":[123],"major":[125],"part":[126],"decreasing":[128],"international":[129],"activities.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}