{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991884635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452104","title":"Ultrasensitive gas detection using diode lasers and resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy","display_name":"Ultrasensitive gas detection using diode lasers and resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991884635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452104","mag":"1991884635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.452104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105707671","display_name":"Michael E. Webber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-4680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-4680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138817","display_name":"Pranalytica (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rpteb42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Webber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pranalytica, Inc. (United States)","Pranalytica, Inc. (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pranalytica, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pranalytica, Inc. (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012667073","display_name":"Michael Pushkarsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138817","display_name":"Pranalytica (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rpteb42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael B. Pushkarsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pranalytica, Inc. (United States)","Pranalytica, Inc. (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pranalytica, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pranalytica, Inc. (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083547724","display_name":"C. Kumar N. Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-6670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-6670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138817","display_name":"Pranalytica (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rpteb42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. K. N. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pranalytica, Inc. (United States)","Pranalytica, Inc. (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pranalytica, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pranalytica, Inc. (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138817"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92038217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4817","issue":null,"first_page":"111","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-gas-detection","display_name":"trace gas detection","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-modulation-spectroscopy","display_name":"wavelength modulation spectroscopy","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-laser-diodes","display_name":"near-infrared diode laser","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-amplifiers","display_name":"fiber amplifiers","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-detection","display_name":"ammonia detection","score":0.8519999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900415","display_name":"Photoacoustic spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.61632239818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5957497954368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5749751925468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5573608875274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103324678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592333","display_name":"Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.5373180508613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.536916196346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5241865515708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5046237707138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.48359936475753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101649071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Optical amplifier","level":3,"score":0.4820057451725006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119824511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13553575","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4712282419204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.46432560682296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.4576534032821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4297911524772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.38543882966041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97749803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753940","display_name":"Tunable laser","level":3,"score":0.3603248596191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2733188271522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.452104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965714948","https://openalex.org/W1967551845","https://openalex.org/W1968237824","https://openalex.org/W1969013046","https://openalex.org/W1973987590","https://openalex.org/W1982666812","https://openalex.org/W1990017769","https://openalex.org/W1995213427","https://openalex.org/W2007642248","https://openalex.org/W2035780321","https://openalex.org/W2045046598","https://openalex.org/W2061271908","https://openalex.org/W2063256598","https://openalex.org/W2066465517","https://openalex.org/W2087039354","https://openalex.org/W2090195242","https://openalex.org/W2094042751","https://openalex.org/W2111608396","https://openalex.org/W2133418622","https://openalex.org/W2138983944","https://openalex.org/W2140682665","https://openalex.org/W2161338838","https://openalex.org/W2161567179","https://openalex.org/W2167594666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7028898093","https://openalex.org/W2111022151","https://openalex.org/W1984067384","https://openalex.org/W2123328201","https://openalex.org/W2783443174","https://openalex.org/W4410204232","https://openalex.org/W2045845037","https://openalex.org/W2953678072","https://openalex.org/W2133418622","https://openalex.org/W1998387752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"trace-gas":[2],"sensor":[3,86],"system":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"developed":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9],"resonant":[10],"photoacoustics,":[11],"wavelength":[12,61],"modulation":[13,62],"spectroscopy,":[14,156],"near-infrared":[15],"diode":[16,91],"lasers":[17],"and":[18,34,60,129,138,157],"optical":[19,37,40,115,173],"fiber":[20,41,151,174],"amplifiers":[21,152],"that":[22,101,166],"can":[23],"achieve":[24],"parts-per-billion":[25],"sensitivity":[26,105],"with":[27,43,89],"a":[28,56,90],"ten":[29],"centimeter":[30],"long":[31],"sample":[32,77],"cell":[33],"standard":[35],"commercially-available":[36],"components.":[38],"An":[39],"amplifier":[42],"500":[44],"mW":[45],"output":[46],"power":[47,137],"is":[48,64,87,118,126,140,160],"used":[49,65],"to":[50,66,153,162],"increase":[51],"the":[52,68,76,81,120,130,147,169],"photoacoustic":[53,155],"signal":[54,71],"by":[55,136],"factor":[57],"of":[58,99,106,150,172],"25,":[59],"spectroscopy":[63],"minimize":[67],"interfering":[69],"background":[70],"from":[72],"window":[73],"absorption":[74,123,133],"in":[75],"cell,":[78],"thereby":[79],"improving":[80],"overall":[82],"detection":[83,98],"limit.":[84],"This":[85],"demonstrated":[88],"laser":[92],"operating":[93],"near":[94],"1532":[95],"nm":[96],"for":[97],"ammonia":[100],"achieves":[102],"an":[103],"ultimate":[104],"less":[107],"than":[108],"6":[109],"parts-per-billion.":[110],"The":[111],"minimum":[112,121,131],"detectable":[113,122,132],"fractional":[114],"density,":[116],"\u03b1minl,":[117],"1.8x10-8,":[119],"coefficient,":[124],"\u03b1min,":[125],"9.5x10-10":[127],"cm-1,":[128],"coefficient":[134],"normalized":[135],"bandwidth":[139],"1.5x10-9":[141],"Wcm-1/&sqrt;":[142],"Hz.":[143],"These":[144],"measurements":[145],"represent":[146],"first":[148],"use":[149],"enhance":[154],"this":[158],"technique":[159],"applicable":[161],"all":[163],"other":[164],"species":[165],"fall":[167],"within":[168],"gain":[170],"curves":[171],"amplifiers.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
