{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991884563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00220.x","title":"EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF SELECTED ITEM BIAS DETECTION PROCEDURES WITH BIAS MANIPULATION","display_name":"EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF SELECTED ITEM BIAS DETECTION PROCEDURES WITH BIAS MANIPULATION","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991884563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00220.x","mag":"1991884563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00220.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00220.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00220.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30638350","display_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","issn_l":"0022-0655","issn":["0022-0655","1745-3984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045018632","display_name":"Michael J. Subkoviak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304256225","display_name":"University of Wisconsin System","ror":"https://ror.org/03ydkyb10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80134939","display_name":"Canisius College","ror":"https://ror.org/01056ge55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80134939"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook; PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University; MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College; MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University; MA, PhD, University of South Florida","University of Wisconsin-Madison","GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook","JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University","MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","MA, PhD, University of South Florida","MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College","MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook; PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225","https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University; MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College; MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I80134939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University; MA, PhD, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA, PhD, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042009852","display_name":"JOANNE S. MACK","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304256225","display_name":"University of Wisconsin System","ror":"https://ror.org/03ydkyb10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80134939","display_name":"Canisius College","ror":"https://ror.org/01056ge55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80134939"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOANNE S. MACK","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook; PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University; MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College; MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University; MA, PhD, University of South Florida","University of Wisconsin-Madison","GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook","JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University","MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","MA, PhD, University of South Florida","MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College","MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook; PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225","https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University; MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College; MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I80134939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University; MA, PhD, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA, PhD, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061773587","display_name":"Gail H. Ironson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-1464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-1464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304256225","display_name":"University of Wisconsin System","ror":"https://ror.org/03ydkyb10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80134939","display_name":"Canisius College","ror":"https://ror.org/01056ge55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80134939"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GAIL H. IRONSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook; PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University; MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College; MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University; MA, PhD, University of South Florida","University of South Florida","GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook","JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University","MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","MA, PhD, University of South Florida","MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College","MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook; PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225","https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University; MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College; MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I80134939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University; MA, PhD, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA, PhD, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"ROBERT D. CRAIG","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304256225","display_name":"University of Wisconsin System","ror":"https://ror.org/03ydkyb10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80134939","display_name":"Canisius College","ror":"https://ror.org/01056ge55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80134939"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ROBERT D. CRAIG","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook; PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University; MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College; MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University; MA, PhD, University of South Florida","University of South Florida","GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook","JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University","MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","MA, PhD, University of South Florida","MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College","MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook; PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225","https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University; MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College; MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I80134939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University; MA, PhD, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAlL H. IRONSON, Medical Student, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620. Degrees: BS, State University of New York at Stonybrook","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JOANNE S. MACK, Customer Service Representative, National Administrators Corporation, 1390 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD 20850. Degrees: BA, Morgan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA, PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo. Specialization: Psychometric theory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MA, PhD, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICHAEL J. SUBKOVIAK, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706. Degrees: BS, Canisius College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Bias item detection procedures","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD, University of Wisconsin. Specialization: Test theory","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROBERT D. CRAIG, Graduate Student, Psychology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Degrees: BS, McMaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045018632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225","https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I2613432","https://openalex.org/I59553526","https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I80134939","https://openalex.org/I83909951"],"apc_list":{"value":3040,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3040},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94663702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-bias-detection","display_name":"item bias detection","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-fairness","display_name":"test fairness","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.6684669852256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5799362063407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.5634126663208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5292959213256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490535","display_name":"Response bias","level":2,"score":0.45506876707077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4454437792301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42283928394317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669245","display_name":"Item analysis","level":3,"score":0.4228166937828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37938356399536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35923439264297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.2538975477218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00220.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00220.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb00220.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30638350","display_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","issn_l":"0022-0655","issn":["0022-0655","1745-3984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136084617","https://openalex.org/W348972403","https://openalex.org/W604505022","https://openalex.org/W1535520578","https://openalex.org/W1964869381","https://openalex.org/W1974080736","https://openalex.org/W1987910277","https://openalex.org/W2005026598","https://openalex.org/W2005032268","https://openalex.org/W2024061334","https://openalex.org/W2160192281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2477878929","https://openalex.org/W2091843635","https://openalex.org/W2291001100","https://openalex.org/W2618377080","https://openalex.org/W316856066","https://openalex.org/W2140422990","https://openalex.org/W2005026598","https://openalex.org/W1561234373","https://openalex.org/W2585003138","https://openalex.org/W1963706393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biased":[0],"test":[1,10,69],"items":[2],"were":[3,31],"intentionally":[4,67],"imbedded":[5],"within":[6],"a":[7,91],"set":[8],"of":[9,21,98,107],"items,":[11],"and":[12,23,48,71],"the":[13,35,38,45,50,66,72,78,102,105,108],"resulting":[14],"instrument":[15],"was":[16,75],"administered":[17],"to":[18,34],"large":[19],"samples":[20],"blacks":[22],"whites.":[24],"Three":[25],"popular":[26],"item":[27,40,52,57,83],"bias":[28],"detection":[29],"procedures":[30],"then":[32],"applied":[33],"data:":[36],"(1)":[37],"three\u2010parameter":[39,56],"characteristic":[41,58],"curve":[42,59],"procedure,":[43],"(2)":[44],"chi\u2010square":[46,73],"method,":[47],"(3)":[49],"transformed":[51,82],"difficulty":[53,84],"approach.":[54],"The":[55,81],"procedure":[60],"proved":[61],"most":[62],"effective":[63],"at":[64],"detecting":[65],"biased":[68],"items;":[70],"method":[74],"viewed":[76],"as":[77],"best":[79],"alternative.":[80],"approach":[85],"has":[86],"certain":[87],"limitations":[88],"yet":[89],"represents":[90],"practical":[92],"alternative":[93],"if":[94],"sample":[95],"size,":[96],"lack":[97],"computer":[99],"facilities,":[100],"or":[101],"like":[103],"preclude":[104],"use":[106],"other":[109],"two":[110],"procedures.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}