{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991663141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.01.007","title":"Population, technology and fragmentation: The European miracle revisited","display_name":"Population, technology and fragmentation: The European miracle revisited","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991663141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.01.007","mag":"1991663141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.01.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.01.007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.01.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005561205","display_name":"Nils\u2010Petter Lagerl\u00f6f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-3262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-3262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nils-Petter Lagerl\u00f6f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, York University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, York University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005561205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"],"apc_list":{"value":4590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97186437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"108","issue":null,"first_page":"87","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.4771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.4771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.451200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.05829999968409538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-fragmentation","display_name":"political fragmentation","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-revolution","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-economic-development","display_name":"long-term economic development","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-diffusion","display_name":"technology diffusion","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-effects","display_name":"scale effects","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-effects","display_name":"competition effects","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empire","display_name":"empire","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-unification","display_name":"regional unification","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6315600872039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6030948162078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5866597294807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778875440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170774","display_name":"Miracle","level":2,"score":0.5180359482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5173827409744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5002448558807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4862012267112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4548637270927429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3238584","display_name":"Great Divergence","level":3,"score":0.45397472381591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.43090328574180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517468935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","level":2,"score":0.418099582195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3727990686893463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.36216139793395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3590875566005707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3407619595527649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31359609961509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09544113278388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09101530909538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.01.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.01.007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.01.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:deveco:v:108:y:2014:i:c:p:87-105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387814000091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596513846","https://openalex.org/W617375306","https://openalex.org/W633747450","https://openalex.org/W1494526311","https://openalex.org/W1507352912","https://openalex.org/W1508296537","https://openalex.org/W1511129506","https://openalex.org/W1521389278","https://openalex.org/W1533453687","https://openalex.org/W1560779467","https://openalex.org/W1568950860","https://openalex.org/W1595968364","https://openalex.org/W1607114424","https://openalex.org/W1806776393","https://openalex.org/W1839962590","https://openalex.org/W1971010500","https://openalex.org/W1972449449","https://openalex.org/W1975457751","https://openalex.org/W1996024731","https://openalex.org/W1998484819","https://openalex.org/W2000518040","https://openalex.org/W2012140723","https://openalex.org/W2020965062","https://openalex.org/W2026537342","https://openalex.org/W2029042043","https://openalex.org/W2034022805","https://openalex.org/W2037356630","https://openalex.org/W2043050484","https://openalex.org/W2047543621","https://openalex.org/W2080878071","https://openalex.org/W2085635751","https://openalex.org/W2089295353","https://openalex.org/W2098054124","https://openalex.org/W2104681781","https://openalex.org/W2107256585","https://openalex.org/W2111779861","https://openalex.org/W2113680469","https://openalex.org/W2113904855","https://openalex.org/W2116072305","https://openalex.org/W2120291463","https://openalex.org/W2121781547","https://openalex.org/W2122622365","https://openalex.org/W2126095220","https://openalex.org/W2127628854","https://openalex.org/W2129133115","https://openalex.org/W2136696777","https://openalex.org/W2146985262","https://openalex.org/W2148501506","https://openalex.org/W2154181303","https://openalex.org/W2154723270","https://openalex.org/W2164989853","https://openalex.org/W2166080217","https://openalex.org/W2168966825","https://openalex.org/W2170064467","https://openalex.org/W2180336033","https://openalex.org/W2312525292","https://openalex.org/W2314392816","https://openalex.org/W2324322489","https://openalex.org/W2327505811","https://openalex.org/W2330288434","https://openalex.org/W2477787162","https://openalex.org/W2617005678","https://openalex.org/W2789051288","https://openalex.org/W2799509013","https://openalex.org/W2889673925","https://openalex.org/W2919670884","https://openalex.org/W3022119662","https://openalex.org/W3022515973","https://openalex.org/W3121260392","https://openalex.org/W3121456692","https://openalex.org/W3121565390","https://openalex.org/W3121688017","https://openalex.org/W3122512240","https://openalex.org/W3122611011","https://openalex.org/W3124059698","https://openalex.org/W3126131959","https://openalex.org/W4205473108","https://openalex.org/W4239926751","https://openalex.org/W4250568676","https://openalex.org/W4301292196","https://openalex.org/W4301660621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2778560653","https://openalex.org/W2003644270","https://openalex.org/W3175235129","https://openalex.org/W4382896521","https://openalex.org/W2913005503","https://openalex.org/W2892264790","https://openalex.org/W2504095784","https://openalex.org/W2072852369","https://openalex.org/W2463840211","https://openalex.org/W2904624893"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}