{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991633475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0889-74","title":"The Middle-Ear Muscles","display_name":"The Middle-Ear Muscles","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991633475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0889-74","mag":"1991633475","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2667133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0889-74","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0889-74","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0889-74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100460328","display_name":"Scientific American","issn_l":"0036-8733","issn":["0036-8733","1946-7087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105690113","display_name":"Erik Borg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335113835","display_name":"Karolinska University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00m8d6786","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Borg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Audiology and Otology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Audiology and Otology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110051099","display_name":"S. Allen Counter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Allen Counter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95104895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"261","issue":"2","first_page":"74","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10861","display_name":"Ear Surgery and Otitis Media","score":0.03689999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-ear-muscles","display_name":"middle ear muscles","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stapedius","display_name":"stapedius","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor-tympani-muscle","display_name":"tensor tympani muscle","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromuscular-control","display_name":"neuromuscular control","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tympanic-membrane","display_name":"tympanic membrane","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-discrimination","display_name":"sound discrimination","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-noise-levels","display_name":"high noise","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocalizations","display_name":"vocalizations","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-overload","display_name":"sensory overload","score":0.6660000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777846895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501553","display_name":"Middle ear","level":2,"score":0.7174142003059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.41542819142341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.36929577589035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29707688093185425}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004432","descriptor_name":"Ear, Middle","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004432","descriptor_name":"Ear, Middle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009119","descriptor_name":"Muscle Contraction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012018","descriptor_name":"Reflex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014831","descriptor_name":"Voice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0889-74","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0889-74","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0889-74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100460328","display_name":"Scientific American","issn_l":"0036-8733","issn":["0036-8733","1946-7087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2667133","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2667133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808336640","https://openalex.org/W2045518987","https://openalex.org/W2080138349","https://openalex.org/W4415503865","https://openalex.org/W2083236301","https://openalex.org/W2417010261","https://openalex.org/W2551510765","https://openalex.org/W1562599346","https://openalex.org/W2315178295","https://openalex.org/W2423578239"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}