{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991533883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.13.1.07fak","title":"A Three-Language Formula for Nigeria","display_name":"A Three-Language Formula for Nigeria","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991533883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.13.1.07fak","mag":"1991533883"},"language":"eo","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1075/lplp.13.1.07fak","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.13.1.07fak","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.13.1.07fak","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3127688","display_name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","issn_l":"0272-2690","issn":["0272-2690","1569-9889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320402","host_organization_name":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320402"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["John Benjamins Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Problems and Language Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111692359","display_name":"Gbenga Fakuade","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64351976","display_name":"University of Maiduguri","ror":"https://ror.org/016na8197","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gbenga Fakuade","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maiduguri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maiduguri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111692359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64351976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88798701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"54","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.12139999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13260","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilingualism","display_name":"trilingualism","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yoruba-language","display_name":"Yoruba","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hausa","display_name":"Hausa language","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igbo","display_name":"Igbo","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lingua-franca","display_name":"lingua franca","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-lingua-franca","display_name":"English as a lingua franca","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-planning","display_name":"language planning","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-standardization","display_name":"language standardization","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minority-languages","display_name":"ethnic minority languages","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-planning-evaluation","display_name":"language planning evaluation","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-planning-monitoring","display_name":"language planning monitoring","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.7732153534889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778410420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33578","display_name":"Igbo","level":2,"score":0.6028123497962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3874818682670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.3208135962486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14330461621284485}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1075/lplp.13.1.07fak","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.13.1.07fak","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.13.1.07fak","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3127688","display_name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","issn_l":"0272-2690","issn":["0272-2690","1569-9889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320402","host_organization_name":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320402"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["John Benjamins Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Problems and Language Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737711140","https://openalex.org/W1581656451","https://openalex.org/W4376060924","https://openalex.org/W1984728179","https://openalex.org/W2587671696","https://openalex.org/W2066324572","https://openalex.org/W7066976436","https://openalex.org/W6922673155","https://openalex.org/W2087880465","https://openalex.org/W93910780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"RESUMO":[0],"Trilingva":[1],"formulo":[2],"por":[3],"Ni\u011derio:":[4],"Problemoj":[5],"de":[6,15,28,32,85,100,112,117,124,134,141,188,207,211,296,301,360,386],"plenumado":[7],"Klopodoj":[8],"atingi":[9],"unuecon":[10],"en":[11,26,49,65,177,258],"Ni\u011derio":[12],"per":[13],"utiligo":[14],"tri":[16,42,128,138],"\u0109efaj":[17],"lingvoj,":[18,46],"la":[19,29,41,47,66,108,121,127,144,153,161,280,297,302,355],"joruba,":[20],"ha\u01d4sa":[21,61],"kaj":[22,54,68,81,131],"igba,":[23],"kiel":[24,71,163],"preskribite":[25],"Politiko":[27],"Federacia":[30],"Registaro":[31],"1977,":[33,208],"ver\u015dajne":[34,115],"ne":[35,106,149,374],"suk-cesos.":[36],"Kvankam":[37],"ja":[38],"temas":[39],"pri":[40,98],"plej":[43,129],"vaste":[44,63],"parolataj":[45],"lingvoj":[48,119],"Nigerio":[50],"estas":[51,58,62,82],"tribe":[52],"ligitaj,":[53],"multaj":[55],"aliaj":[56,118],"triboj":[57],"ellasitaj.":[59],"La":[60,74,89,156,381],"parolata":[64],"nordo,":[67],"\u011dia":[69],"rolo":[70],"perilo":[72],"lar\u011di\u011das.":[73],"joruba":[75],"anka\u01d4":[76],"posedas":[77],"rekonitan":[78],"normigitan":[79],"version":[80],"ofte":[83],"lernata":[84],"enmigrantoj":[86],"al":[87],"Ni\u011derio.":[88],"igba":[90],"prezentas":[91],"pli":[92],"grandan":[93],"problemon":[94],"\u0109ar":[95],"mankas":[96],"interkonsento":[97],"rekono":[99],"norma":[101],"formo.":[102],"\u011cis":[103],"nun":[104],"oni":[105],"realigis":[107],"politikon":[109],"pro":[110],"manko":[111],"instruistoj,":[113],"sed":[114],"parolantoj":[116,133],"rezistus":[120,139],"devigan":[122],"lernadon":[123,140],"unu":[125,135,142],"el":[126,136,143],"grandaj,":[130],"denaskaj":[132],"tiuj":[137],"aliaj.":[145],"\u015ctataj":[146],"lingvaj":[147],"politikoj":[148],"\u0109iam":[150],"kongrui\u011das":[151],"kun":[152],"federacia":[154],"politiko.":[155],"sola":[157],"solvo":[158],"\u015dajnas":[159],"konservi":[160],"anglan":[162],"interlingvon.":[164],"SOMMAIRE":[165],"Une":[166],"formule":[167],"\u00e0":[168,186,236,294,317,340],"trois":[169,189,217,345,362],"langues":[170,190,218,225,333,346,363,373],"pour":[171,239],"le":[172,192,194,250,308],"Nigeria:":[173],"Probl\u00e8mes":[174],"et":[175,196,263,276],"mise":[176],"oeuvre":[178],"Les":[179,369],"efforts":[180,198],"vers":[181],"l'unit\u00e9":[182],"du":[183,203,226,252,310,319,334,379],"Nigeria":[184],"gr\u00e2ce":[185],"l'usage":[187],"principales,":[191],"Yoruba,":[193],"Hausa":[195,245],"l'Igbo,":[197],"stipul\u00e9s":[199],"dans":[200,241,249],"un":[201,290],"programme":[202,309],"gouvernement":[204,311],"f\u00e9d\u00e9ral":[205],"datant":[206],"ont":[209],"peu":[210],"chance":[212],"d'aboutir.":[213],"Bien":[214],"que":[215,260,327,352],"ces":[216,361],"soient":[219],"tr\u00e8s":[220],"largement":[221,247],"parl\u00e9es,":[222],"les":[223,232,284,328,331,372],"autres":[224,332],"Nigeria,":[227],"limit\u00e9es":[228],"aux":[229],"tribus":[230],"qui":[231],"utilisent,":[233],"sont":[234],"tout":[235],"fait":[237],"laiss\u00e9es":[238],"compte":[240],"ce":[242],"programme.":[243],"Le":[244,269],"est":[246,324,349,358],"parl\u00e9":[248],"nord":[251],"pays,":[253],"a":[254],"d\u00e9velopp\u00e9":[255],"son":[256],"influence":[257],"tant":[259],"langue":[261,281,356,390],"v\u00e9hiculaire":[262],"poss\u00e8de":[264,272],"une":[265,273,337],"forme":[266,274,305],"standard":[267,275],"accept\u00e9e.":[268],"Yoruba":[270],"\u00e9galement":[271,350],"se":[277],"trouve":[278],"\u00eatre":[279,315,385],"qu'apprennent":[282],"souvent":[283],"immigrants":[285],"au":[286,299],"Nigeria.":[287],"L'Igbo":[288],"pr\u00e9sente":[289],"probl\u00e8me":[291],"plus":[292],"important":[293],"cause":[295,318],"controverse":[298],"sujet":[300],"reconnaissance":[303],"d'une":[304,343],"standard.":[306],"Jusqu'ici,":[307],"n'a":[312],"pas":[313,376],"pu":[314],"entrepris":[316],"manque":[320],"d'enseignants,":[321],"mais":[322],"il":[323,348],"fort":[325],"probable":[326,351],"nig\u00e9riens":[329],"parlant":[330],"pays":[335],"opposent":[336],"certaine":[338],"r\u00e9sistance":[339],"l'instruction":[341],"forc\u00e9e":[342],"des":[344,367],"principales;":[347],"ceux":[353],"dont":[354],"maternelle":[357],"l'une":[359,366],"refuseront":[364],"d'apprendre":[365],"autres.":[368],"lois":[370],"concernant":[371],"suivent":[375],"toujours":[377],"celles":[378],"gouvernement.":[380],"seule":[382],"solution":[383],"semble":[384],"maintenir":[387],"l'anglais":[388],"comme":[389],"v\u00e9hiculaire.":[391]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}