{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991500549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.83.155447","title":"Quantum anomalous Hall effect in single-layer and bilayer graphene","display_name":"Quantum anomalous Hall effect in single-layer and bilayer graphene","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991500549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.83.155447","mag":"1991500549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevb.83.155447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.83.155447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.83.155447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6791298","display_name":"Physical Review B","issn_l":"1098-0121","issn":["1098-0121","1538-4489","1550-235X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1991500549"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1101.2042","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052143763","display_name":"Wang-Kong Tse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-9283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-9283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang-Kong Tse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104386250","display_name":"Zhenhua Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-8561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-8561","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-5110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065260634","display_name":"Yugui Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-3787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-3787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159876","display_name":"Institute of Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvf7v30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yugui Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022064172","display_name":"Allan H. MacDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3561-3379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3561-3379"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. H. MacDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104388013","display_name":"Qian Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7181-8362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7181-8362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2675,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2675},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8611,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":260,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98995073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"15","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10657","display_name":"Topological Materials and Phenomena","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10657","display_name":"Topological Materials and Phenomena","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.025100000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-anomalous-hall-effect","display_name":"quantum anomalous Hall effect","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilayer-graphene","display_name":"bilayer graphene","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monolayer-graphene","display_name":"monolayer graphene","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rashba-spin-orbit-coupling","display_name":"Rashba spin-orbit coupling","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/berry-curvature","display_name":"Berry curvature","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valley-hall-effect","display_name":"valley Hall effect","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiral-edge-states","display_name":"chiral edge states","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chern-number","display_name":"Chern number","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-field","display_name":"exchange field","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-voltage","display_name":"gate voltage","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-phase-transition","display_name":"topological phase transition","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spintronics","display_name":"spintronics","score":0.9179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.8464709520339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143401881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4156171","display_name":"Bilayer graphene","level":3,"score":0.8352683782577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200369452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047822","display_name":"Quantum Hall effect","level":3,"score":0.7385814189910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.6669621467590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207999682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258659","display_name":"Spintronics","level":3,"score":0.5805225372314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5660496950149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145727058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269101","display_name":"Quantum spin Hall effect","level":4,"score":0.49423888325691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134112204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10656","display_name":"Hall effect","level":3,"score":0.44680842757225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155194400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456437","display_name":"Spin Hall effect","level":4,"score":0.4113011360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.24120214581489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.22605183720588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21690051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962347","display_name":"Spin polarization","level":3,"score":0.1752849519252777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82217956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.12204894423484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.11696898937225342}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevb.83.155447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.83.155447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.83.155447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6791298","display_name":"Physical Review B","issn_l":"1098-0121","issn":["1098-0121","1538-4489","1550-235X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review B","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1101.2042","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.2042","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1101.2042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1100329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1100329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1101.2042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1101.2042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1101.2042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1101.2042","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.2042","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1101.2042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338483","display_name":"Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1991500549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1991500549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491881499","https://openalex.org/W1501732061","https://openalex.org/W1963934717","https://openalex.org/W1973042500","https://openalex.org/W1982658674","https://openalex.org/W1983555621","https://openalex.org/W1994099219","https://openalex.org/W2004485922","https://openalex.org/W2005786635","https://openalex.org/W2012048872","https://openalex.org/W2015344448","https://openalex.org/W2016296179","https://openalex.org/W2021166096","https://openalex.org/W2023760383","https://openalex.org/W2028260084","https://openalex.org/W2037807652","https://openalex.org/W2042473487","https://openalex.org/W2046916922","https://openalex.org/W2060223813","https://openalex.org/W2064429046","https://openalex.org/W2069989016","https://openalex.org/W2076297931","https://openalex.org/W2082294379","https://openalex.org/W2088198211","https://openalex.org/W2101893110","https://openalex.org/W2105685140","https://openalex.org/W2116647304","https://openalex.org/W2118531546","https://openalex.org/W2132568564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3174060351","https://openalex.org/W2030163295","https://openalex.org/W2005786635","https://openalex.org/W7211939110","https://openalex.org/W4415058977","https://openalex.org/W1982589808","https://openalex.org/W2087748233","https://openalex.org/W3138597976","https://openalex.org/W2988338284","https://openalex.org/W3017897093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,139],"quantum":[1,30],"anomalous":[2,31,87],"Hall":[3,32,60,88,126],"effect":[4,33],"can":[5],"occur":[6],"in":[7,34,132,136],"single-":[8],"and":[9,18,36,53,73,109],"few-layer":[10],"graphene":[11,39,58],"systems":[12,40],"that":[13,55,84,92],"have":[14],"both":[15],"exchange":[16,106],"fields":[17],"spin-orbit":[19,43],"coupling.":[20,44],"In":[21,79],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,82],"present":[25],"a":[26,70,74,123],"study":[27],"of":[28,93,141],"the":[29,59,85,94,98,105,113,119,129],"single-layer":[35,57,95],"gated":[37],"bilayer":[38,80],"with":[41,66,128,147],"Rashba":[42],"We":[45],"compute":[46],"Berry":[47],"curvatures":[48],"at":[49,64],"each":[50,67],"valley":[51,68,125],"point":[52],"find":[54,83],"for":[56],"conductivity":[61,89],"is":[62,90,102],"quantized":[63,86,124],"${\\ensuremath{\\sigma}}_{\\mathit{xy}}=2{e}^{2}/h$,":[65],"contributing":[69],"unit":[71],"conductance":[72],"corresponding":[75],"chiral":[76],"edge":[77,130],"state.":[78],"graphene,":[81],"twice":[91],"case":[96],"when":[97,117],"gate":[99,150],"voltage":[100,151],"$U$":[101],"smaller":[103],"than":[104],"field":[107],"$M$,":[108],"zero":[110],"otherwise.":[111],"Although":[112],"Chern":[114],"number":[115],"vanishes":[116],"$U>M$,":[118],"system":[120],"still":[121],"exhibits":[122],"effect,":[127],"states":[131,146],"opposite":[133,137],"valleys":[134],"propagating":[135],"directions.":[138],"possibility":[140],"tuning":[142],"between":[143],"different":[144],"topological":[145],"an":[148],"external":[149],"suggests":[152],"possible":[153],"graphene-based":[154],"spintronics":[155],"applications.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}