{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991213696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640600602039","title":"Introducing Environmental Externalities into Transport Pricing: Measurement and Implications","display_name":"Introducing Environmental Externalities into Transport Pricing: Measurement and Implications","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991213696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640600602039","mag":"1991213696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01441640600602039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640600602039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640600602039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194388667","display_name":"Transport Reviews","issn_l":"0144-1647","issn":["0144-1647","1464-5327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transport Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025311999","display_name":"Peter J. Bickel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7480-662X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7480-662X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Bickel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","Univ. of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017828967","display_name":"Rainer Friedrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-2976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-2976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Friedrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","Univ. of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062756597","display_name":"Heike Link","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-845X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-845X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282776028","display_name":"German Institute for Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0050vmv35","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282776028","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heike Link","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282776028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063904181","display_name":"Louise Stewart-Ladewig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282776028","display_name":"German Institute for Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0050vmv35","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282776028","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282776028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007139886","display_name":"Chris A. Nash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-1891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-1891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris Nash","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007139886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7583,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95946204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"389","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"Railways and European Transport Policy","score":0.8740000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"Railways and European Transport Policy","score":0.8740000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.06270000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.027699999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-externalities","display_name":"environmental externalities","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-pricing","display_name":"transport pricing","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/externe","display_name":"ExternE","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-pathway-approach","display_name":"impact pathway approach","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-pricing","display_name":"road pricing","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-duty-trucks","display_name":"heavy-duty trucks","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buses","display_name":"buses","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/britain","display_name":"Great Britain","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66887028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382444","display_name":"Marginal cost","level":2,"score":0.6933314204216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16118543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372","display_name":"Externality","level":2,"score":0.685687243938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186027771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008379","display_name":"Valuation (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6593734622001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777644927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300947","display_name":"Social cost","level":2,"score":0.5347363948822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.5145525336265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168500671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660564","display_name":"Transport economics","level":2,"score":0.47033318877220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46077555418014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.45357879996299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.44756028056144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020782553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8880","display_name":"European commission","level":3,"score":0.43733859062194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777718309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739432","display_name":"Road pricing","level":3,"score":0.4318099617958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4176432490348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.39890187978744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3981388211250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3640144467353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.22302007675170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17668882012367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.16173279285430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.10596063733100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01441640600602039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640600602039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640600602039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194388667","display_name":"Transport Reviews","issn_l":"0144-1647","issn":["0144-1647","1464-5327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transport Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:4:p:389-415","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600602039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15273886","https://openalex.org/W569571736","https://openalex.org/W1547421668","https://openalex.org/W1598236859","https://openalex.org/W1882231644","https://openalex.org/W2010702381","https://openalex.org/W2069210188","https://openalex.org/W2110194220","https://openalex.org/W2167933259","https://openalex.org/W2574288595","https://openalex.org/W2802567251","https://openalex.org/W2913222806","https://openalex.org/W2938934445","https://openalex.org/W3092999155","https://openalex.org/W3128349245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086813881","https://openalex.org/W2090509049","https://openalex.org/W2031644948","https://openalex.org/W649986916","https://openalex.org/W615569429","https://openalex.org/W2261777916","https://openalex.org/W2135641241","https://openalex.org/W653813626","https://openalex.org/W1984941946","https://openalex.org/W771207714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,166],"is":[1,274],"European":[2,76],"Commission":[3],"policy":[4],"to":[5,11,49,101,247,282],"charge":[6],"modes":[7],"of":[8,16,19,36,39,53,66,68,74,79,111,115,122,126,135,139,153,171,185,199,203,257,268,272,276,285],"transport":[9],"according":[10],"the":[12,20,37,64,75,91,97,107,120,145,149,169,176,181,213,218,234,283],"marginal":[13,112,164,182],"social":[14,113,183],"cost":[15,184],"their":[17],"use":[18,187],"infrastructure,":[21],"including":[22],"environmental":[23,154],"costs.":[24,44,165],"However,":[25],"progress":[26],"in":[27,55,58,72,96,124,233],"implementing":[28],"this":[29,56,69],"process":[30],"has":[31,47],"been":[32],"slow,":[33],"partly":[34],"because":[35],"difficulty":[38],"measuring":[40],"and":[41,71,81,109,131,133,137,151,156,163,201,216,238,266,270],"valuing":[42],"these":[43,279],"This":[45],"need":[46],"led":[48],"a":[50,103,172,189,248,252],"great":[51],"deal":[52],"research":[54],"area":[57],"recent":[59],"years.":[60],"The":[61,141,208],"paper":[62,142],"presents":[63,158],"results":[65,159,170,209],"some":[67],"research,":[70],"particular":[73],"Commission\u2010funded":[77],"Unification":[78],"Accounts":[80],"Marginal":[82],"Costs":[83],"for":[84,106,148,193,205],"Transport":[85],"Efficiency":[86],"(UNITE)":[87],"project.":[88],"UNITE":[89],"used":[90,147],"Impact":[92],"Pathway":[93],"Approach":[94],"developed":[95],"ExternE":[98],"project":[99,174],"series":[100],"provide":[102],"bottom\u2010up":[104],"methodology":[105,178],"estimation":[108],"valuation":[110,152],"costs":[114,155],"transport,":[116],"taking":[117],"into":[118],"account":[119],"diversity":[121],"circumstances":[123],"terms":[125],"location":[127,267],"(e.g.":[128],"population":[129],"density,":[130],"speed":[132],"direction":[134],"winds)":[136],"time":[138,271],"day.":[140],"first":[143],"explains":[144],"approach":[146],"measurement":[150],"then":[157,167],"on":[160],"both":[161],"total":[162],"discusses":[168],"parallel":[173],"using":[175],"same":[177],"that":[179,211],"estimated":[180],"road":[186,200],"at":[188,259],"very":[190],"disaggregate":[191],"level":[192],"different":[194,260],"vehicle":[195,263],"types,":[196],"locations,":[197],"types":[198],"times":[202],"day":[204,273],"Great":[206],"Britain.":[207],"show":[210],"off":[212],"main":[214,235],"network":[215],"outside":[217],"conurbations,":[219],"private":[220],"cars":[221],"are":[222,228,245,293],"currently":[223],"overcharged,":[224],"but":[225],"elsewhere":[226],"they":[227],"charged":[229],"too":[230],"little,":[231],"particularly":[232],"conurbations.":[236],"Buses,":[237],"even":[239],"more":[240],"so":[241],"heavy":[242],"goods":[243],"vehicles,":[244],"undercharged":[246],"greater":[249],"extent.":[250],"Only":[251],"kilometre\u2010based":[253],"charging":[254,258],"system":[255],"capable":[256,275],"rates":[261],"by":[262],"type,":[264],"type":[265],"road,":[269],"reflecting":[277],"all":[278],"differences;":[280],"due":[281],"development":[284],"global":[286],"positioning":[287],"satellite":[288],"(GPS)":[289],"technology,":[290],"such":[291],"systems":[292],"now":[294],"becoming":[295],"available.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}