{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991008596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","title":"A Framework for Volt-VAR Optimization in Distribution Systems","display_name":"A Framework for Volt-VAR Optimization in Distribution Systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991008596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","mag":"1991008596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102835621","display_name":"Hamed Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-3191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-3191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051048368","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 R. Mart\u00ed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3811-3687","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3811-3687"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose R. Marti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091873416","display_name":"Hermann W. Dommel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-4907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-4907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hermann W. Dommel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":187,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96341753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"1473","last_page":"1483"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volt-var-optimization","display_name":"volt/var optimization","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-systems","display_name":"distribution systems","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter-data","display_name":"smart meter data","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-dependent-loads","display_name":"voltage-dependent loads","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-integer-quadratically-constrained-programming","display_name":"mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branch-and-cut","display_name":"branch-and-cut","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"voltage regulator","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-load-tap-changer","display_name":"on-load tap changer","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-reduction","display_name":"loss reduction","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-profile-improvement","display_name":"voltage profile improvement","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-voltage-reduction","display_name":"conservation voltage reduction","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-modeling","display_name":"load modeling","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780745134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940751","display_name":"Voltage reduction","level":3,"score":0.8607562780380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6714200973510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157985801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25250","display_name":"Volt","level":3,"score":0.666409432888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6474547982215881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5823996663093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5295411348342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.5089573860168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.49694159626960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.49242648482322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4796736240386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4443168044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.44351285696029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.4313458204269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4210498332977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.41778939962387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196226539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940752","display_name":"Voltage regulation","level":3,"score":0.4128519296646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38436928391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24746760725975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23817899823188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.161152184009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.878000020980835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78063416","https://openalex.org/W630587169","https://openalex.org/W1540186654","https://openalex.org/W1967428359","https://openalex.org/W1974416245","https://openalex.org/W2011385388","https://openalex.org/W2015338500","https://openalex.org/W2020206829","https://openalex.org/W2026095762","https://openalex.org/W2051868991","https://openalex.org/W2072511754","https://openalex.org/W2101667031","https://openalex.org/W2108788023","https://openalex.org/W2118581055","https://openalex.org/W2120088579","https://openalex.org/W2152560253","https://openalex.org/W2160175161","https://openalex.org/W2166505523","https://openalex.org/W2172245346","https://openalex.org/W4231693478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166210714","https://openalex.org/W7204786349","https://openalex.org/W2529270587","https://openalex.org/W2045289097","https://openalex.org/W1968432619","https://openalex.org/W3189069500","https://openalex.org/W2001053097","https://openalex.org/W1585742658","https://openalex.org/W4285094420","https://openalex.org/W3004267823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,90,111,141],"possibility":[1],"of":[2,31,43,95,117,126,143],"leveraging":[3],"the":[4,12,29,44,72,144],"data":[5],"provided":[6],"by":[7],"smart":[8],"meters":[9],"to":[10,27,119,128],"understand":[11],"load":[13,145],"characteristics":[14],"is":[15,68,83,93,148],"studied":[16],"in":[17,136],"this":[18],"paper.":[19],"loads":[21],"are":[22,41,130],"modeled":[23],"as":[24,55,75],"voltage-dependent":[25],"elements":[26],"increase":[28],"accuracy":[30],"volt-VAR":[32],"optimization":[33],"(VVO)":[34],"techniques":[35,40],"for":[36,52,107],"distribution":[37,45],"systems.":[38],"VVO":[39,73],"part":[42],"management":[46],"system":[47],"and":[48,61,102,121],"may":[49],"be":[50],"used":[51],"purposes":[53],"such":[54],"loss":[56,115],"reduction,":[57],"voltage":[58,63,100,146],"profile":[59],"improvement,":[60],"conservation":[62],"reduction.":[64],"A":[65],"deterministic":[66],"framework":[67,92],"proposed":[69,91],"that":[70,114],"formulates":[71],"problem":[74],"a":[76,122,137],"mixed-integer":[77],"quadratically":[78],"constrained":[79],"programming":[80],"problem,":[81],"which":[82],"solved":[84],"efficiently":[85],"using":[86],"advanced":[87],"branch-and-cut":[88],"techniques.":[89],"capable":[94],"optimally":[96],"controlling":[97],"capacitor":[98],"banks,":[99],"regulators,":[101],"under-load":[103],"tap":[104],"changers":[105],"(ULTCs)":[106],"day-ahead":[108],"operation":[109],"planning.":[110],"results":[112],"indicate":[113],"reductions":[116],"up":[118,127],"40%":[120],"total":[123],"demand":[124],"reduction":[125],"4.8%":[129],"achievable":[131],"under":[132],"some":[133],"loading":[134],"conditions":[135],"radial":[138],"test":[139],"system.":[140],"effect":[142],"dependence":[147],"also":[149],"demonstrated":[150],"through":[151],"analytical":[152],"simulations.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}