{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990996628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2007.013049","title":"Health related academic technology transfer: rethinking patenting and licensing practices","display_name":"Health related academic technology transfer: rethinking patenting and licensing practices","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990996628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2007.013049","mag":"1990996628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijbt.2007.013049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2007.013049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2007.013049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24513824","display_name":"International Journal of Biotechnology","issn_l":"0963-6048","issn":["0963-6048","1741-5020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079474482","display_name":"Josephine Johnston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-6992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-6992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308814778","display_name":"Hastings Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pmr4c75","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308814778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josephine Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hastings Center, 21 Malcolm Gordon Road, Garrison, NY 10524, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hastings Center, 21 Malcolm Gordon Road, Garrison, NY 10524, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308814778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079474482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308814778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2734,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86751808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"156","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.8076000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.8076000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.10750000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13492","display_name":"Science, Technology, and Education in Latin America","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-technology-transfer","display_name":"university technology transfer","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-patenting","display_name":"academic patenting","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer-offices","display_name":"technology transfer offices","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-research-funding","display_name":"government research funding","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-good","display_name":"moral good","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-mission","display_name":"university mission","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985879086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061910","display_name":"Technology transfer","level":2,"score":0.7918373942375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.6219943761825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5339248180389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5221919417381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.43037599325180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3989101052284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.36255916953086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3191356956958771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2811436057090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13751786947250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1209568977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijbt.2007.013049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2007.013049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2007.013049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24513824","display_name":"International Journal of Biotechnology","issn_l":"0963-6048","issn":["0963-6048","1741-5020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320197","display_name":"Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021aawt29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328249","display_name":"Sasakawa Peace Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02st0pe74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21464896","https://openalex.org/W304011120","https://openalex.org/W800148045","https://openalex.org/W1430616020","https://openalex.org/W1502925692","https://openalex.org/W1577181122","https://openalex.org/W1579424059","https://openalex.org/W1972599986","https://openalex.org/W2010857707","https://openalex.org/W2020118844","https://openalex.org/W2033517353","https://openalex.org/W2063269049","https://openalex.org/W2077766445","https://openalex.org/W2107254376","https://openalex.org/W2108238076","https://openalex.org/W2144910394","https://openalex.org/W2168751125","https://openalex.org/W2411628924","https://openalex.org/W2415654188","https://openalex.org/W2891782533","https://openalex.org/W3122527953","https://openalex.org/W3125274724","https://openalex.org/W3134853862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W51928673","https://openalex.org/W2006525117","https://openalex.org/W2064025949","https://openalex.org/W60796177","https://openalex.org/W7204005774","https://openalex.org/W2368017035","https://openalex.org/W2699742761","https://openalex.org/W2045609131","https://openalex.org/W2045979910","https://openalex.org/W1536675868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"I":[3,74,109],"argue":[4],"that":[5,147],"some":[6,69,95],"academic":[7,41,56,93,103,120,138],"technology":[8,63,121,139],"transfer":[9,64,122,140],"professionals":[10],"are":[11,26],"rethinking":[12],"their":[13,15,20,30,153],"mission,":[14],"models":[16],"of":[17,37,40,46,53,70,92,96,101,145,152],"success,":[18],"and":[19,50,58,78,105,133],"public":[21],"message.":[22],"particular,":[24],"they":[25,126,135],"beginning":[27],"to":[28,32,128],"orientate":[29],"activities":[31],"take":[33],"account":[34],"more":[35],"explicitly":[36],"the":[38,43,51,71,89,150],"missions":[39,151],"institutions,":[42],"stated":[44],"purposes":[45],"publicly":[47],"funded":[48],"research,":[49,94],"goal":[52],"legislation":[54],"governing":[55],"patenting":[57],"licensing.":[59],"Focusing":[60],"on":[61],"health-related":[62],"activities,":[65],"which":[66,97],"have":[67],"attracted":[68],"strongest":[72],"criticism,":[73],"review":[75],"existing,":[76],"emerging,":[77],"suggested":[79],"practices":[80],"aimed":[81],"not":[82],"at":[83,87],"maximising":[84,88],"profit":[85],"but":[86],"social":[90],"benefit":[91],"employ":[98],"sophisticated":[99],"licensing":[100],"patented":[102],"inventions":[104],"discoveries.":[106],"These":[107],"practices,":[108],"will":[110,136],"argue,":[111],"should":[112],"be":[113],"considered":[114],"and,":[115],"where":[116],"appropriate,":[117],"employed":[118],"by":[119],"offices,":[123],"both":[124],"because":[125,134],"aim":[127],"secure":[129],"a":[130,143],"moral":[131],"good":[132],"help":[137],"offices":[141],"achieve":[142],"kind":[144],"success":[146],"closely":[148],"mirrors":[149],"institutions.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
