{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990798008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270591003364","title":"Cognitive-Training Programs for Older Adults: What Are they and Can they Enhance Mental Fitness?","display_name":"Cognitive-Training Programs for Older Adults: What Are they and Can they Enhance Mental Fitness?","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990798008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270591003364","mag":"1990798008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03601270591003364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270591003364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270591003364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128457257","display_name":"Educational Gerontology","issn_l":"0360-1277","issn":["0360-1277","1521-0472"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Gerontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111529446","display_name":"Gordon Ross Thompson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Extension Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Extension Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081560162","display_name":"Dennis L. Foth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Foth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111529446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90192791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"8","first_page":"603","last_page":"626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-training","display_name":"cognitive training","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-fitness","display_name":"mental fitness","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-aging","display_name":"cognitive aging","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuing-education-programs","display_name":"continuing education programs","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-education","display_name":"adult education","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifelong-learning","display_name":"lifelong learning","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-design","display_name":"program design","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6647947430610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.6444392204284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.6156390905380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6146158576011658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5557085871696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.4710996747016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780700307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1373709","display_name":"Independent living","level":2,"score":0.46470537781715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.4541957676410675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.4431113600730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498506","display_name":"Cognitive training","level":3,"score":0.4183114171028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.382129967212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3683757483959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24686706066131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.2200639247894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.12135457992553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03601270591003364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270591003364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270591003364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128457257","display_name":"Educational Gerontology","issn_l":"0360-1277","issn":["0360-1277","1521-0472"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Gerontology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10980961","https://openalex.org/W138217467","https://openalex.org/W160753763","https://openalex.org/W184665760","https://openalex.org/W344231312","https://openalex.org/W584861639","https://openalex.org/W589557356","https://openalex.org/W608791051","https://openalex.org/W609357776","https://openalex.org/W617858542","https://openalex.org/W1521032026","https://openalex.org/W1521446749","https://openalex.org/W1574118251","https://openalex.org/W1577732899","https://openalex.org/W1595664586","https://openalex.org/W1598474717","https://openalex.org/W1607529401","https://openalex.org/W1946414540","https://openalex.org/W1964050280","https://openalex.org/W1965246992","https://openalex.org/W1965930605","https://openalex.org/W1967635585","https://openalex.org/W1974433081","https://openalex.org/W1979271618","https://openalex.org/W1981165702","https://openalex.org/W2000069057","https://openalex.org/W2000804359","https://openalex.org/W2003436042","https://openalex.org/W2006446384","https://openalex.org/W2007791027","https://openalex.org/W2011959391","https://openalex.org/W2014333904","https://openalex.org/W2014364868","https://openalex.org/W2014829325","https://openalex.org/W2017402802","https://openalex.org/W2020706479","https://openalex.org/W2026051875","https://openalex.org/W2031510926","https://openalex.org/W2032793600","https://openalex.org/W2034078851","https://openalex.org/W2036229726","https://openalex.org/W2061877884","https://openalex.org/W2068206844","https://openalex.org/W2078241739","https://openalex.org/W2079450463","https://openalex.org/W2080043975","https://openalex.org/W2080112585","https://openalex.org/W2081859254","https://openalex.org/W2084023433","https://openalex.org/W2089293015","https://openalex.org/W2090786206","https://openalex.org/W2100210120","https://openalex.org/W2104484723","https://openalex.org/W2107369063","https://openalex.org/W2107501599","https://openalex.org/W2112785471","https://openalex.org/W2118104542","https://openalex.org/W2123608496","https://openalex.org/W2125645863","https://openalex.org/W2126565190","https://openalex.org/W2130978169","https://openalex.org/W2139503383","https://openalex.org/W2142943574","https://openalex.org/W2147055201","https://openalex.org/W2164054200","https://openalex.org/W2170045108","https://openalex.org/W2170962681","https://openalex.org/W2171210330","https://openalex.org/W2249059838","https://openalex.org/W2320412159","https://openalex.org/W2323924287","https://openalex.org/W2336805967","https://openalex.org/W2482421354","https://openalex.org/W2482885489","https://openalex.org/W2483197999","https://openalex.org/W2953601685","https://openalex.org/W2982056384","https://openalex.org/W3022053882","https://openalex.org/W3173134322","https://openalex.org/W4247752248","https://openalex.org/W4247828536","https://openalex.org/W4249795184","https://openalex.org/W4388250307","https://openalex.org/W4388250626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903746164","https://openalex.org/W2227261856","https://openalex.org/W1575893026","https://openalex.org/W2089644221","https://openalex.org/W2884262972","https://openalex.org/W162473182","https://openalex.org/W2276159594","https://openalex.org/W2981889397","https://openalex.org/W4255036232","https://openalex.org/W3036431870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0],"are":[1,80,131],"living":[2],"longer,":[3],"and":[4,34,110,127,135],"in":[5,14,31,77,92,102],"better":[6],"physical":[7,32],"health,":[8],"than":[9],"at":[10],"any":[11],"other":[12,128],"time":[13],"history.":[15],"But":[16],"what":[17],"of":[18,45],"their":[19],"mental":[20],"health?":[21],"Does":[22],"it":[23,37,41],"decline":[24,51],"with":[25],"age,":[26],"offsetting":[27],"the":[28,46],"gains":[29],"made":[30],"health":[33],"longevity?":[35],"Can":[36,40],"be":[38,89],"maintained?":[39],"improve?":[42],"A":[43],"review":[44],"literature":[47],"suggests":[48],"that":[49,61,79,94,130],"cognitive":[50,67,99],"is":[52,72,87],"not":[53],"universal,":[54],"pervasive,":[55],"or":[56],"irreversible.":[57],"It":[58],"also":[59],"demonstrates":[60],"older":[62,83,107],"adults":[63],"can":[64,116],"benefit":[65],"from":[66],"training.":[68],"The":[69,85],"challenge,":[70],"however,":[71],"to":[73,82,88,119,122],"provide":[74],"such":[75],"training":[76],"ways":[78],"acceptable":[81],"adults.":[84],"answer":[86],"found,":[90],"firstly,":[91],"research":[93],"identifies":[95],"best":[96,114],"practices":[97,115],"for":[98],"skill":[100],"development":[101],"ecologically":[103],"valid":[104],"activities":[105,129],"involving":[106],"adults,":[108],"psychologists,":[109],"adult":[111],"educators.":[112],"These":[113],"then":[117],"serve":[118],"assist":[120],"educators":[121],"design":[123],"continuing":[124],"education":[125],"programs":[126],"readily":[132],"accessible,":[133],"affordable,":[134],"enjoyable.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
