{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990737673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.1999.tb00169.x","title":"Are the Roots of the ModernLex MercatoriaReally Medieval?","display_name":"Are the Roots of the ModernLex MercatoriaReally Medieval?","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990737673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.1999.tb00169.x","mag":"1990737673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.2325-8012.1999.tb00169.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.1999.tb00169.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.1999.tb00169.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16296580","display_name":"Southern Economic Journal","issn_l":"0038-4038","issn":["0038-4038","2325-8012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026959320","display_name":"Oliver Volckart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Volckart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Research into Economic Systems Jena Unit 1: Institutional Economics Kahlaische Strasse 10 D\u201007745 Jena Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Research into Economic Systems Jena Unit 1: Institutional Economics Kahlaische Strasse 10 D\u201007745 Jena Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004807024","display_name":"Antje Mangels","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antje Mangels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Research into Economic Systems Jena Unit 1: Institutional Economics Kahlaische Strasse 10 D\u201007745 Jena Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Research into Economic Systems Jena Unit 1: Institutional Economics Kahlaische Strasse 10 D\u201007745 Jena Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026959320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"apc_list":{"value":3010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94736282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"3","first_page":"427","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13897","display_name":"Historical Economic and Legal Thought","score":0.8574000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13897","display_name":"Historical Economic and Legal Thought","score":0.8574000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.08100000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13739","display_name":"Medieval and Early Modern Justice","score":0.04439999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lex-mercatoria","display_name":"lex mercatoria","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-trade","display_name":"medieval commerce","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-autonomy","display_name":"urban autonomy","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-law","display_name":"urban law","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-commercial-law","display_name":"history of commercial law","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.7488443851470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143128703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12554","display_name":"Middle Ages","level":2,"score":0.5473889112472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5284065008163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4546811878681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.34117406606674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3218020796775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2693391442298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.1664038896560669}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.2325-8012.1999.tb00169.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.1999.tb00169.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.1999.tb00169.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16296580","display_name":"Southern Economic Journal","issn_l":"0038-4038","issn":["0038-4038","2325-8012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63042225","https://openalex.org/W383794819","https://openalex.org/W561321993","https://openalex.org/W574737245","https://openalex.org/W587022950","https://openalex.org/W588883044","https://openalex.org/W603737925","https://openalex.org/W604233412","https://openalex.org/W609467204","https://openalex.org/W623448338","https://openalex.org/W645736359","https://openalex.org/W800608219","https://openalex.org/W851874653","https://openalex.org/W1489556343","https://openalex.org/W1492794030","https://openalex.org/W1530790135","https://openalex.org/W1538624267","https://openalex.org/W1585210640","https://openalex.org/W1599135177","https://openalex.org/W1976890254","https://openalex.org/W1980000255","https://openalex.org/W1980428437","https://openalex.org/W1985101736","https://openalex.org/W1998565970","https://openalex.org/W2009787225","https://openalex.org/W2011879685","https://openalex.org/W2016120783","https://openalex.org/W2026347079","https://openalex.org/W2028309642","https://openalex.org/W2037539013","https://openalex.org/W2038810444","https://openalex.org/W2040016639","https://openalex.org/W2044433813","https://openalex.org/W2048955623","https://openalex.org/W2053334292","https://openalex.org/W2053876204","https://openalex.org/W2059769097","https://openalex.org/W2062663664","https://openalex.org/W2067019956","https://openalex.org/W2074449447","https://openalex.org/W2092981632","https://openalex.org/W2107678607","https://openalex.org/W2112410516","https://openalex.org/W2116016372","https://openalex.org/W2118894427","https://openalex.org/W2132510937","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2166928944","https://openalex.org/W2170474863","https://openalex.org/W2234743905","https://openalex.org/W2319785682","https://openalex.org/W2320781182","https://openalex.org/W2323334926","https://openalex.org/W2331296304","https://openalex.org/W2335144131","https://openalex.org/W2484869061","https://openalex.org/W2585672878","https://openalex.org/W2759260510","https://openalex.org/W2762601567","https://openalex.org/W2797022834","https://openalex.org/W2797242355","https://openalex.org/W2801135236","https://openalex.org/W3021201090","https://openalex.org/W3097894819","https://openalex.org/W3122019011","https://openalex.org/W3140318092","https://openalex.org/W3150495761","https://openalex.org/W3151696392","https://openalex.org/W3152686726","https://openalex.org/W4213043147","https://openalex.org/W4213443024","https://openalex.org/W4230864951","https://openalex.org/W4233330904","https://openalex.org/W4233828489","https://openalex.org/W4235463544","https://openalex.org/W4236420839","https://openalex.org/W4238456135","https://openalex.org/W4246588893","https://openalex.org/W4250731756","https://openalex.org/W4255022776","https://openalex.org/W4399177662","https://openalex.org/W7015759614","https://openalex.org/W7057883659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7132077011","https://openalex.org/W4235325634","https://openalex.org/W2056758061","https://openalex.org/W2553436605","https://openalex.org/W1931235706","https://openalex.org/W2128903303","https://openalex.org/W4205328490","https://openalex.org/W4411704095","https://openalex.org/W7113413402","https://openalex.org/W7071517710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"analyzes":[2],"how":[3],"trade":[4],"was":[5,19,56],"conducted":[6],"between":[7,22],"the":[8,42,61,80,88],"tenth":[9],"and":[10,31,66],"thirteenth":[11],"centuries.":[12],"We":[13],"claim":[14],"that,":[15],"as":[16],"most":[17],"exchange":[18,55],"simultaneous,":[20],"differences":[21],"law":[23,68],"codes":[24],"did":[25],"not":[26,36],"pose":[27],"a":[28],"substantial":[29],"problem":[30],"that":[32,79],"mercantile":[33],"guilds":[34],"developed":[35],"to":[37,41,47,70],"provide":[38],"institutions":[39,86],"comparable":[40],"modernlex":[43],"mercatoria,":[44],"but":[45],"rather":[46],"supply":[48],"physical":[49],"security.":[50],"The":[51],"development":[52],"of":[53,63,82],"nonsimultaneous":[54],"made":[57],"possible":[58],"predominantly":[59],"by":[60],"emergence":[62],"urban":[64,67],"autonomy":[65],"applicable":[69],"all":[71],"merchants":[72],"trading":[73],"within":[74],"town,":[75],"so":[76],"it":[77],"appears":[78],"importance":[81],"universally":[83],"accepted":[84],"commercial":[85],"in":[87],"Middle":[89],"Ages":[90],"has":[91],"hitherto":[92],"been":[93],"vastly":[94],"overrated.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}