{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990662335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222546999","title":"Transneuronal tracing of diverse CNS circuits by Cre-mediated induction of wheat germ agglutinin in transgenic mice","display_name":"Transneuronal tracing of diverse CNS circuits by Cre-mediated induction of wheat germ agglutinin in transgenic mice","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990662335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222546999","mag":"1990662335","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12391304","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/137558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.222546999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222546999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222546999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/137558","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084440429","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o M. Br\u00e1z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8955-0735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8955-0735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801339483","display_name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/000dswa46","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339483"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao M. Braz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I2801339483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010414650","display_name":"Beatriz Rico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0581-851X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0581-851X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801339483","display_name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/000dswa46","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339483"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Rico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I2801339483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007740596","display_name":"Allan I. Basbaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-6333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-6333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801339483","display_name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/000dswa46","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339483"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan I. Basbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I2801339483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1258,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72647037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"23","first_page":"15148","last_page":"15153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.8651999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.042500000447034836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transneuronal-tracing","display_name":"transneuronal tracing","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-germ-agglutinin","display_name":"wheat germ agglutinin","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cre-mediated-recombination","display_name":"Cre-mediated recombination","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterograde-transport","display_name":"anterograde transport","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adeno-associated-virus","display_name":"adeno-associated virus","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebellum","display_name":"cerebellum","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-cortex","display_name":"cerebral cortex","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord","display_name":"spinal cord","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7342067956924438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102230213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430117","display_name":"Transgene","level":3,"score":0.690288782119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780175098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2647799","display_name":"Wheat germ agglutinin","level":3,"score":0.6736434698104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141035611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532934","display_name":"Genetically modified mouse","level":4,"score":0.5639896392822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5587427616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.4988422393798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317035","display_name":"Retrograde tracing","level":3,"score":0.48352527618408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.45233651995658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.4398241937160492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.34561800956726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780758401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408693","display_name":"Lectin","level":2,"score":0.3229808509349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.2581796646118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.20366251468658447}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000229","descriptor_name":"Dependovirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001616","descriptor_name":"beta-Galactosidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008822","descriptor_name":"Mice, Transgenic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011401","descriptor_name":"Promoter Regions, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014764","descriptor_name":"Viral Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014909","descriptor_name":"Wheat Germ Agglutinins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014909","descriptor_name":"Wheat Germ Agglutinins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019426","descriptor_name":"Integrases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021381","descriptor_name":"Protein Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.222546999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222546999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222546999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:137558","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/137558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12391304","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12391304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:137558","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/137558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3788922465","display_name":"Brainstem control of pain transmission","funder_award_id":"R01NS014627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3804584341","display_name":"SPINAL MECHANISMS OF OPIOID ANALGESIA AND TOLERANCE","funder_award_id":"R01DA008377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4205293287","display_name":"Function and development in the synapse","funder_award_id":"P01NS016033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5370311009","display_name":"Brainstem control of pain transmission","funder_award_id":"R37NS014627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G726581290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS 14627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8476309082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307115","display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtmwv55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492472473","https://openalex.org/W1768274470","https://openalex.org/W1950317766","https://openalex.org/W1995588113","https://openalex.org/W2014721239","https://openalex.org/W2028493669","https://openalex.org/W2038036971","https://openalex.org/W2052399367","https://openalex.org/W2069601706","https://openalex.org/W2071174774","https://openalex.org/W2075088261","https://openalex.org/W2080937698","https://openalex.org/W2082525625","https://openalex.org/W2090083575","https://openalex.org/W2108672978","https://openalex.org/W2126148882","https://openalex.org/W2162405918","https://openalex.org/W2395230480","https://openalex.org/W4233384171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314323054","https://openalex.org/W2072536406","https://openalex.org/W2413282363","https://openalex.org/W2126148882","https://openalex.org/W7140314414","https://openalex.org/W2504243121","https://openalex.org/W4405431357","https://openalex.org/W2070844080","https://openalex.org/W2610711503","https://openalex.org/W7204531624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systems":[0],"neuroscience":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,12,15,24,56,70,75,99,117,121,130,138,153,169,182,191,203,212,227],"complex":[4],"circuits":[5,29,94],"made":[6,45],"by":[7,46,74,124,151,162],"populations":[8],"of":[9,18,27,32,58,63,93,98,112,120,129,141,187,202,226,241],"neurons":[10,115,188],"in":[11,39,95,106,110,114,177,181,189,217,223],"CNS":[13,28,71,242],"and":[14,185,199,207,219,222,229],"cooperative":[16],"function":[17],"these":[19,107,142,232],"neurons.":[20,210],"Improved":[21],"approaches":[22,175],"to":[23,69,205],"neuroanatomical":[25],"analysis":[26,92],"are":[30],"thus":[31],"great":[33],"interest.":[34],"In":[35],"fact,":[36],"significant":[37],"advances":[38],"tract-tracing":[40],"methods":[41],"have":[42],"recently":[43],"been":[44],"using":[47],"transgenic":[48,83,158],"mice":[49,108,154],"that":[50,85],"express":[51],"transneuronal":[52,90,200],"lectin":[53,204,213],"tracers":[54],"under":[55],"control":[57],"neuron-specific":[59],"promoters.":[60],"The":[61,104],"utility":[62],"those":[64],"animals,":[65,221],"however,":[66],"is":[67],"limited":[68],"circuit":[72,243],"influenced":[73],"particular":[76],"promoter.":[77],"Here,":[78],"we":[79,146],"describe":[80],"a":[81,164],"new":[82],"mouse":[84,159],"can":[86,214],"be":[87,215],"used":[88],"for":[89,238],"tracing":[91],"any":[96],"region":[97],"brain":[100,228],"or":[101,161,171],"spinal":[102,230],"cord.":[103],"transgene":[105],"results":[109],"expression":[111,128,149,180],"LacZ":[113,122],"throughout":[116],"CNS.":[118],"Excision":[119],"gene":[123],"Cre-mediated":[125],"recombination":[126,192],"initiates":[127],"lectin,":[131],"wheat":[132],"germ":[133],"agglutinin":[134],"(WGA).":[135],"To":[136],"illustrate":[137],"diverse":[139],"uses":[140],"ZW":[143,233],"(LacZ-WGA)":[144],"mice,":[145],"triggered":[147],"WGA":[148,179],"either":[150],"crossing":[152],"with":[155],"two":[156],"Cre-expressing":[157,165],"lines":[160],"microinjecting":[163],"adeno-associated":[166],"virus":[167],"into":[168],"cerebellum":[170],"cerebral":[172],"cortex.":[173],"Both":[174],"resulted":[176],"extensive":[178],"cell":[183],"bodies":[184],"dendrites":[186],"which":[190],"event":[193],"occurred,":[194],"as":[195,197],"well":[196],"anterograde":[198],"transport":[201],"second":[206],"third":[208],"order":[209],"Because":[211],"induced":[216],"developing":[218],"adult":[220],"all":[224],"regions":[225],"cord,":[231],"may":[234],"prove":[235],"extremely":[236],"valuable":[237],"numerous":[239],"studies":[240],"analysis.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}